DXA BOARD Exam Prep Newest Actual
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According to the WHO criteria, what is the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the
measurement of bone density? - 2.5 SD or more below the young adult peak bone
density
What is the gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - DXA
,Cancellous bone is also know as? - Trabecular Bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that gives the best visual
indication of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? - Lesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a characteristic shape of an X or and H
on a DXA PA spine scan? - L4
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - NO
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - -measurements are volumetric
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical bone
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for _____________? - Screening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a quantitative manner
to predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture for both men and women?
- FRAX
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - Technologist
What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the skeleton? - 20 %
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis because....... -
rate of change in BMD is too slow
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - Proximal forearm
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray methodologies for BMD measurement? - -
ultrasound is comparatively inexpensive
-patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - Iodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in lumber spine
DXA images? - TBS (Trabecular Bone Score)
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis generally occur? - after age 70
,What technique used images of the hand and an aluminum wedge? - RA (Radiograhic
Absorptiometry)
New bone is formed by the ___________? - osteoblasts
Cancellous bone is also known as _______________? - Trabecular bone
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies on a PA lumbar scan? - Start at L4
and count/label up
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, what happens? - Increases the BMD
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of action? - -repeat the scan
-if scan fails again, then call for help
Although the technology is similar with all of the DXA units, the BMD results are
different because.......... - -different calibration standards
-algorithms to calculate BMD
-differences in the ROI
-different databases
The primary mechanism of action of antiresorptive therapies is the direct interaction with
the __________________ - osteoclasts
Which site is preferred for determination of fracture prediction? - proximal femur
What is one disease not associated with low BMD? - osteopetrosis
DXA results may be influenced by......... - -body thickness
-degenerative changes
-fractures
-scan mode
A great forearm scan should include....... - -forearm centered
-forearm straight
-free of artifacts
, Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a skeletal region are called
______________________________. - anthromomorphic phantoms
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? - BMD = BMC/Area
How often should you perform the QA on the DXA unit? - everyday you scan
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones using skeletal x-rays/radiographs. Which
site was often used? - metacarpals
With voltage switching units, what type of calibration is used? - continuous internal
calibration--wheel or drum
For low energies, the most common process of absorption is the
________________________ effect. - photoelectric
What are some comparisons to the amount of effective dose given during a central DXA
scan? - -less than a day of background radiation
-less than a round trip from Boston to LA
-one-tenth of a chest xray
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone densitometry? - reference values reflect
non-dominant arm measurements
When measuring the proximal femur, how should the neck ROI be placed? - the neck
ROI should be perpendicular to the femoral neck
What is the bone edge detection methodology? - it tests the machines ability to
distinguish bone from soft tissue
What are the two most common methods for shifting the energies in DXA units? - -
energy shifting
-k-edge filters
Why do you use the hip positioner during scanning of the proximal femur? - to place the
femoral neck parallel to the tabletop
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... - reducing the activity of the osteoclasts
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism, what would the preferred site be for
evaluation? - 33% or 1/3 of the forearm
Exam With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
According to the WHO criteria, what is the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the
measurement of bone density? - 2.5 SD or more below the young adult peak bone
density
What is the gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - DXA
,Cancellous bone is also know as? - Trabecular Bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that gives the best visual
indication of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? - Lesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a characteristic shape of an X or and H
on a DXA PA spine scan? - L4
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - NO
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - -measurements are volumetric
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical bone
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for _____________? - Screening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a quantitative manner
to predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture for both men and women?
- FRAX
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - Technologist
What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the skeleton? - 20 %
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis because....... -
rate of change in BMD is too slow
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - Proximal forearm
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray methodologies for BMD measurement? - -
ultrasound is comparatively inexpensive
-patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - Iodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in lumber spine
DXA images? - TBS (Trabecular Bone Score)
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis generally occur? - after age 70
,What technique used images of the hand and an aluminum wedge? - RA (Radiograhic
Absorptiometry)
New bone is formed by the ___________? - osteoblasts
Cancellous bone is also known as _______________? - Trabecular bone
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies on a PA lumbar scan? - Start at L4
and count/label up
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, what happens? - Increases the BMD
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of action? - -repeat the scan
-if scan fails again, then call for help
Although the technology is similar with all of the DXA units, the BMD results are
different because.......... - -different calibration standards
-algorithms to calculate BMD
-differences in the ROI
-different databases
The primary mechanism of action of antiresorptive therapies is the direct interaction with
the __________________ - osteoclasts
Which site is preferred for determination of fracture prediction? - proximal femur
What is one disease not associated with low BMD? - osteopetrosis
DXA results may be influenced by......... - -body thickness
-degenerative changes
-fractures
-scan mode
A great forearm scan should include....... - -forearm centered
-forearm straight
-free of artifacts
, Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a skeletal region are called
______________________________. - anthromomorphic phantoms
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? - BMD = BMC/Area
How often should you perform the QA on the DXA unit? - everyday you scan
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones using skeletal x-rays/radiographs. Which
site was often used? - metacarpals
With voltage switching units, what type of calibration is used? - continuous internal
calibration--wheel or drum
For low energies, the most common process of absorption is the
________________________ effect. - photoelectric
What are some comparisons to the amount of effective dose given during a central DXA
scan? - -less than a day of background radiation
-less than a round trip from Boston to LA
-one-tenth of a chest xray
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone densitometry? - reference values reflect
non-dominant arm measurements
When measuring the proximal femur, how should the neck ROI be placed? - the neck
ROI should be perpendicular to the femoral neck
What is the bone edge detection methodology? - it tests the machines ability to
distinguish bone from soft tissue
What are the two most common methods for shifting the energies in DXA units? - -
energy shifting
-k-edge filters
Why do you use the hip positioner during scanning of the proximal femur? - to place the
femoral neck parallel to the tabletop
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... - reducing the activity of the osteoclasts
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism, what would the preferred site be for
evaluation? - 33% or 1/3 of the forearm
