ATLS 11 Module #6: Circulation and Volume Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+ | Updated 2026

ATLS 11 Module #6: Circulation and Volume Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+ | Updated 2026 tx of a scalp wound w a pulsatile bleed - answer-reapply pressure, identify vessel and ligate, large temporary sutures definition of shock signs of shock - answer-inadequate tissue perfusion dec BP, inc HR most common type of shock in trauma = - answer-hemorrhagic initial tx of shock in trauma pt - answer-1. vascular access 2. blood product admin 3. TXA 4. prevent/correct hypothermia when should txa be administered by? - answer-within 3h of injurycategories of shock - answer-hemorrhagic cardiogenic obstructive distributive (septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic) ex of a cause of cardiogenic shock - answer-blunt cardiac injury difference in sx between distributive shock vs other types - answer-distributive has decreased bp and dec HR w flushed pink skin t/f: peritoneal fluid on FAST is blood until proven otherwise. - answer-t lab tests to eval for shock - answer-ABG, serum lactate, viscoelastic testing what findings on an ABG indicate hypoperfusion - answer-abnormalities or base deficit 4 what does serum lactate measure? - answer-anaerobic metabolism what is viscoelastic testing used for? - answer-coagulation status main IO sites which are preferred? which is preferred in peds? - answer-proximal humerus and medial proximal tibia (PREFERRED) distal femur, medial distal tibiamedial proximal tibia (PEDS) what factor of trauma care contributes to coagulopathic bleeding and is an INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY? - answer-hypothermia t/f: MTP/MHP is institution specific and relies on the ability to deliver all products warmed. - answer-t what signs on patient labs/vitals indicate a need for continued volume resuscitation? - answer-acidic pH, abnl base deficit 4, persisting tachycardia most important factor of controlling circulation = - answer-HEMORRHAGE CONTROL parameters to measure resuscitative efforts: labs - clinical - - answer-pH, base deficit, lactate bp, hr, mental status, skin color, sweating, pulse, UO if a patient has an indication for a CT, what scenarios make it SAFE for CT transport? - answer-airway can be maintained, no fluctuation in ventilatory status, hemodynamically stable, nonfluctuating mental status, ability to continue resuscitation efforts in the CT area contrast extravasation on trauma ct = - answer-angioembolism hemodynamically normal adults with abdominal solid organ injuries do NOT require laparotomy UNLESS: - answer-signs of peritonitis develop OR hemodynamic status deteriorates list the compensatory mechanisms of shock:what do these precede? - answer-increase in HR and vasoconstriction hypotension what is the shock index? - answer-HR/SBP 0.9-1.0 (early recognition of shock) list the types of responses to treatment and what they mean - answer-responders - return to normal vitals transient responders - initial improvement then deterioration non-responders - no improvement what is the earliest measurable sign of hypovolemia? - answer-tachycardia an injured pt with these two symptoms are in shock until proven otherwise - answer-cool skin, tachycardia t/f: Anxiety is an early sign of shock and may progress to agitation and confusion - answer-t When the compensatory mechanisms of tachycardia and increased peripheral vascular resistance are exhausted, what sign will occur? - answer-hypotension When near-complete energetic failure is imminent in shock, what occurs? - answer-bradycardia with circulatory collapse The most common mechanism of distributive shock in a trauma patient is: - answer-spinal cord injury how does hypotension occur in spinal cord injury causing neurogenic shock? - answer-loss of efferent sympathetic signals from the spinal cord which results in a decrease in peripheral vascular resistancePatient outcomes are deleteriously affected by late recognition of: - answer-shock why can relying solely on systolic blood pressure as an indicator of shock delay recognition? - answercompensatory mechanisms can prevent a measurable fall in systolic pressure what is the formula for the shock index? what can this assist in? - answer-HR/SBP, early recognition of hypoperfusion what is a normal shock index? which value is correlated with a higher mortality? - answer-0.7, 1 a shock index of ____ is correlated with blood product transfusion, emergent surgical therapy, inc 24hr and in hospital mortality, and an increased ICU and hospital length of stay. - answer-0.8