NUR 5351 Advanced Pharmacology FINAL REVIEW
Questions With Complete Solutions
Take once a day - To PREVENT gastric/duodenal ulcers
Take twice a day - To TREAT gastric/duodenal ulcers
When should a patient take the once a day and twice a day
regiment for H2 receptor antagonists?
CCBs (calcium channel blockers) may offer transient
improvement for patients with mild spasm. Diltiazem/Nifedipine
(90 mg, four doses daily) has been used. Because this drug
makes GERD worse, this disorder might cause a CCB to be
discontinued.
Which oral medication is highly associated with gastrointestinal
reflux?
Liver function, iron, vit B12, and calcium levels
What lab values are you concerned with the use of chronic long-
term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy?
While inhaling, press down on the canister, breathe in slowly
and deeply, and hold their breath for 10 seconds. Wait at least 1
full minute between puffs. Must rinse mouth after use to prevent
thrush, side effects include hoarse voice and nosebleed
How do you educate patients about the use of inhaled
corticosteroids?
You would avoid ace inhibitors (side effect of cough) and beta
blockers (can exacerbate asthma and cause airway obstruction).
, What antihypertensive medication should one avoid if a patient
is asthmatic?
They relax the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree to reverse
bronchospasm, decreasing airway resistance and residual
volume and increasing vital capacity and airflow; increases
airflow and makes it easier to breath.
What is the mechanism of action of short-acting beta-2 agonists?
Short acting are rescue inhalers and rescue agents. Long acting
beta 2 agonists (LABA's) are taken on a daily basis to relax the
muscles lining the airways that carry air to the lungs. This
allows the tubes to remain open, making breathing easier.
What is the difference between short-acting beta-2 agonists and
long-acting beta-2 agonists?
tachycardia, headaches, muscle cramps
What are common side effects of beta-2 agonists (inhalers)?
bronchodilation and production of an anti-inflammatory effect.
Eliminates the need for an inhaled steroid for asthma patients
during severe asthmatic episodes. Examples include zafirlukast
and montelukast.
In the treatment of asthma, what role do leukotriene receptor
antagonists play?
Beclomethasone HFA (3 to 6 puffs per day of 80mcg/puff) or
low-dose inhaled corticosteroids combined with a long-acting
beta-agonist (LABA) bronchodilator (fluticasone
propionate/salmeterol [Advair]).
Questions With Complete Solutions
Take once a day - To PREVENT gastric/duodenal ulcers
Take twice a day - To TREAT gastric/duodenal ulcers
When should a patient take the once a day and twice a day
regiment for H2 receptor antagonists?
CCBs (calcium channel blockers) may offer transient
improvement for patients with mild spasm. Diltiazem/Nifedipine
(90 mg, four doses daily) has been used. Because this drug
makes GERD worse, this disorder might cause a CCB to be
discontinued.
Which oral medication is highly associated with gastrointestinal
reflux?
Liver function, iron, vit B12, and calcium levels
What lab values are you concerned with the use of chronic long-
term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy?
While inhaling, press down on the canister, breathe in slowly
and deeply, and hold their breath for 10 seconds. Wait at least 1
full minute between puffs. Must rinse mouth after use to prevent
thrush, side effects include hoarse voice and nosebleed
How do you educate patients about the use of inhaled
corticosteroids?
You would avoid ace inhibitors (side effect of cough) and beta
blockers (can exacerbate asthma and cause airway obstruction).
, What antihypertensive medication should one avoid if a patient
is asthmatic?
They relax the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree to reverse
bronchospasm, decreasing airway resistance and residual
volume and increasing vital capacity and airflow; increases
airflow and makes it easier to breath.
What is the mechanism of action of short-acting beta-2 agonists?
Short acting are rescue inhalers and rescue agents. Long acting
beta 2 agonists (LABA's) are taken on a daily basis to relax the
muscles lining the airways that carry air to the lungs. This
allows the tubes to remain open, making breathing easier.
What is the difference between short-acting beta-2 agonists and
long-acting beta-2 agonists?
tachycardia, headaches, muscle cramps
What are common side effects of beta-2 agonists (inhalers)?
bronchodilation and production of an anti-inflammatory effect.
Eliminates the need for an inhaled steroid for asthma patients
during severe asthmatic episodes. Examples include zafirlukast
and montelukast.
In the treatment of asthma, what role do leukotriene receptor
antagonists play?
Beclomethasone HFA (3 to 6 puffs per day of 80mcg/puff) or
low-dose inhaled corticosteroids combined with a long-acting
beta-agonist (LABA) bronchodilator (fluticasone
propionate/salmeterol [Advair]).
