NUR 210 Exam 4 (2026) – 120 Questions on Antibiotics, Infection, Hematology & Fungal Diseases

This document contains approximately 120 comprehensive exam-style questions with verified answers for NUR 210 Exam 4 (2026). It provides in-depth coverage of antimicrobial therapy, infection control, hematologic disorders, immune response, and fungal diseases. Early sections (pages 1–6) review key antibiotic principles including bacteriostatic versus bactericidal action, broad-spectrum versus narrow-spectrum antibiotics, selective toxicity, bacterial resistance (innate and acquired), superinfections, prophylactic antibiotic use, and interpretation of culture and sensitivity results. High-yield laboratory concepts include minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), peak and trough drug levels, leukocyte esterase, nitrate-to-nitrite conversion in urine, and indications for Gram stain versus culture. The document also emphasizes hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, C. difficile pathophysiology and treatment (metronidazole and vancomycin), candidiasis management (Nystatin/Mycostatin), antibiotic-associated complications, and infection stages (incubation through resolution) (pages 3–8). Detailed hematology content includes interpretation of CBC with differential, neutrophilia in acute bacterial infection, lymphocytosis in viral infection, “shift to the left” (increased band neutrophils), agranulocytosis, and granulocyte function (pages 9–14). Oncology-related topics include acute and chronic leukemias (ALL, AML, CLL, CML), splenomegaly, neutropenia in cancer patients, Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma bone involvement. Extensive fungal disease coverage includes histoplasmosis (bird/bat droppings, inhalation, lung involvement), blastomycosis (eastern U.S., inhalation, granulomatous lesions), cryptococcus (meningitis, bird droppings), aspergillus (ventilation systems, construction dust), dimorphic fungi, dermatophytes, and itraconazole treatment for endemic mycoses (pages 10–12). Additional high-yield content includes Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis, CMV in immunocompromised patients, penicillin and cephalosporin cross-reactivity, sulfa allergies, anaphylaxis, and key patient education principles for infection prevention. The structured Q&A format mirrors undergraduate nursing pharmacology, medical-surgical, and pathophysiology examinations, reinforcing clinical reasoning, laboratory interpretation, antimicrobial stewardship, and safe medication administration. This resource is particularly relevant for: NUR 210 students Medical-Surgical Nursing courses Pharmacology for Nursing Pathophysiology courses ADN and BSN nursing programs NCLEX-style infection and hematology review Keywords: NUR 210 Exam 4 2026 bacteriostatic vs bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics narrow spectrum antibiotics selective toxicity antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration MIC minimum bactericidal concentration MBC peak and trough drug levels bacterial resistance innate acquired superinfection C diff nosocomial infection hospital acquired CBC with differential interpretation shift to the left bands neutrophils Hodgkin lymphoma Reed Sternberg CML splenomegaly granulocytes multiple myeloma bone fractures histoplasmosis bird bat droppings blastomycosis eastern US cryptococcus meningitis aspergillus hospital ventilation candidiasis nystatin treatment