SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Biology Test Prep
highest - (answer)In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________.
Homeostasis - (answer)The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range.
Saper Paper - (answer)Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice
showed no change in food intake or physical activity, but their body weight did increase, presumably
due to a lower basal metabolic rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type mice, as measured by
locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level. All mice were raised at
25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the same cage types.
the net of the combined influences of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell. - (answer)Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST
be true that...
substrate; enzyme - (answer)An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it
can find and bind to it faster.
Km - (answer)The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the
affinity of an enzyme for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity).
Vmax - (answer)A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time).
endotherms - (answer)Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate
body temps are called __________.
Ectotherms - (answer)Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not
metabolic processes.
10x - (answer)Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a similarly-
sized ectotherm. They can do about __________ the amount of sustained work as well.
,SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Biology Test Prep
Thermoneutral Range - (answer)These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve.
The temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without added energy
costs.
Aerobic Scope - (answer)The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable
metabolic rates. As a rule of thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes sense because
both the cost of maintaining basal metabolism and the potential output of metabolism are dictated by
the amount of mitochondrial machinery in the cells of the animal.
ATP; PFK; AMP - (answer)The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP
production, so that ATP levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when ATP levels fall ATP no
longer inhibits __________. The __________ feedback loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are
low.
ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP - (answer)If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and
reduces the rate of the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast,
when __________ is abundant it speeds __________ up. __________ is abundant when much of the
ATP has been used up - high __________ is a sign of too little ATP.
uncoupler protein (UPC) - (answer)The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase
in ATP manufacture. ___________ activity increases PFK activity.
Metabolic Thermogenisis - (answer)A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding
to ATP production. It avoids the ATP concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-shivering
thermogenesis).
NADH - (answer)What energy source concentrates protons?
Brown Fat - (answer)A tissue or perhaps diffuse organ system that is very rich in mitochondria, which
are themselves rich in uncoupler proteins. Environment and genetics dictate how much of it we carry,
and that the more we carry, the greater advantage in terms of several health-related metabolic indices.
, SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Biology Test Prep
Non-Competitive Inhibition - (answer)Regulation that reduces the Vmax of an enzyme, but does not
change the Km.
Direct Competitive Inhibition - (answer)When molecules similar to the substrate enter the active site
and keep it busy, preventing the substrate or substrates from entering.
Allosteric Regulation - (answer)Regulation that occurs via interactions at sites other than the active site.
Essentially some other part of enzyme is bound, which changes the enzyme shape, reducing or
increasing its rate of function (competitive kinetics).
When ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor. - (answer)How is a decrease in PFK activity accomplished?
2/3 - (answer)Surface Area increases in proportion to Mass^___________.
surface area / volume (SA/V) - (answer)The smaller the cell, the bigger the ___________.
Osmosis - (answer)The diffusion of water.
Diffusion - (answer)__________ is very fast over short distances but very, very slow over greater
distances. Rate is proportional to 1/distance^2.
Time = [1/2D]x^2 (where D is the diffusion coefficient and x is the distance. - (answer)Fick's Second Law
of Diffusion
larger; smaller - (answer)Individuals of __________ species burn more fuel than individuals of
___________ species.
1 - (answer)Cell number α Mass^__________.
1 - (answer)Volume α Mass^_________.
highest - (answer)In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________.
Homeostasis - (answer)The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range.
Saper Paper - (answer)Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice
showed no change in food intake or physical activity, but their body weight did increase, presumably
due to a lower basal metabolic rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type mice, as measured by
locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level. All mice were raised at
25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the same cage types.
the net of the combined influences of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell. - (answer)Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST
be true that...
substrate; enzyme - (answer)An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it
can find and bind to it faster.
Km - (answer)The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the
affinity of an enzyme for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity).
Vmax - (answer)A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time).
endotherms - (answer)Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate
body temps are called __________.
Ectotherms - (answer)Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not
metabolic processes.
10x - (answer)Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a similarly-
sized ectotherm. They can do about __________ the amount of sustained work as well.
,SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Biology Test Prep
Thermoneutral Range - (answer)These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve.
The temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without added energy
costs.
Aerobic Scope - (answer)The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable
metabolic rates. As a rule of thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes sense because
both the cost of maintaining basal metabolism and the potential output of metabolism are dictated by
the amount of mitochondrial machinery in the cells of the animal.
ATP; PFK; AMP - (answer)The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP
production, so that ATP levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when ATP levels fall ATP no
longer inhibits __________. The __________ feedback loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are
low.
ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP - (answer)If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and
reduces the rate of the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast,
when __________ is abundant it speeds __________ up. __________ is abundant when much of the
ATP has been used up - high __________ is a sign of too little ATP.
uncoupler protein (UPC) - (answer)The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase
in ATP manufacture. ___________ activity increases PFK activity.
Metabolic Thermogenisis - (answer)A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding
to ATP production. It avoids the ATP concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-shivering
thermogenesis).
NADH - (answer)What energy source concentrates protons?
Brown Fat - (answer)A tissue or perhaps diffuse organ system that is very rich in mitochondria, which
are themselves rich in uncoupler proteins. Environment and genetics dictate how much of it we carry,
and that the more we carry, the greater advantage in terms of several health-related metabolic indices.
, SFSU BIOL 212 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Biology Test Prep
Non-Competitive Inhibition - (answer)Regulation that reduces the Vmax of an enzyme, but does not
change the Km.
Direct Competitive Inhibition - (answer)When molecules similar to the substrate enter the active site
and keep it busy, preventing the substrate or substrates from entering.
Allosteric Regulation - (answer)Regulation that occurs via interactions at sites other than the active site.
Essentially some other part of enzyme is bound, which changes the enzyme shape, reducing or
increasing its rate of function (competitive kinetics).
When ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor. - (answer)How is a decrease in PFK activity accomplished?
2/3 - (answer)Surface Area increases in proportion to Mass^___________.
surface area / volume (SA/V) - (answer)The smaller the cell, the bigger the ___________.
Osmosis - (answer)The diffusion of water.
Diffusion - (answer)__________ is very fast over short distances but very, very slow over greater
distances. Rate is proportional to 1/distance^2.
Time = [1/2D]x^2 (where D is the diffusion coefficient and x is the distance. - (answer)Fick's Second Law
of Diffusion
larger; smaller - (answer)Individuals of __________ species burn more fuel than individuals of
___________ species.
1 - (answer)Cell number α Mass^__________.
1 - (answer)Volume α Mass^_________.
