Biology 100 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Introductory Biology Prep
What is a scientific theory? - (answer)A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some
aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through
observation and experiment.
What is the correct order of complexity? - (answer)Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ,
System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
What is the definition of a population? - (answer)Members of a single type of living thing, living together
in a defined area
What is homeostasis? - (answer)Maintaining a constant internal environment
What is the definition of a tissue? - (answer)A large mass of similar cells that make up a part of an
organism and perform a specific function.
Living things inherit information from their parents encoded in what? - (answer)DNA
What are the subatomic particles of an atom? - (answer)protons, neutrons, and electrons
Which subatomic particle plays the greatest role in chemical reactions? - (answer)electrons
Why will atoms react with other atoms? - (answer)their outermost shell of electrons has not been filled
What is the definition of a hydrophobic molecule? - (answer)A molecule that is repelled by water or is
"water-fearing".
How many covalent bonds can oxygen make with hydrogen? - (answer)two
What is the definition of a solute? Solvent? - (answer)A solute is the substance to be dissolved (example:
sugar). The solvent is the one doing the dissolving (example: water).
, Biology 100 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Introductory Biology Prep
What is the definition of an acid (in regards to hydrogen atoms)? - (answer)Acids are substances that
can donate H+ ions to bases.
What is glycogen? - (answer)a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a
polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis.
What is a polysaccharide? - (answer)a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose
molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
What is a phospholipid? - (answer)two fatty acids, attached to a glycerol 'head' and a phosphate group.
they are located in the phospholipid bilayer and have a hydrophilic (or 'water loving') head and a
hydrophobic (or 'water fearing') tail.
What are the functions of proteins? - (answer)Quickening chemical reactions, chemical messengers,
repair and maintenance, energy, hormones, enzymes, transportation and storage of molecules, and
forming antibodies, healing, mechanical support, storing nutrients, cell signaling.
What are proteins made up of? - (answer)amino acids
What is DNA made up of? - (answer)nucleotides
What are the organelles found in an animal cell? - (answer)nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytoplasm,
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, Golgi body, ribosome
What is the boundary of an animal cell called? - (answer)cell membrane
What is the main function of the nucleus? - (answer)Its main function is to regulate gene expression; it
also controls cellular growth and replication.
What is the main function of ribosomes? - (answer)making proteins
What is a scientific theory? - (answer)A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some
aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through
observation and experiment.
What is the correct order of complexity? - (answer)Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ,
System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
What is the definition of a population? - (answer)Members of a single type of living thing, living together
in a defined area
What is homeostasis? - (answer)Maintaining a constant internal environment
What is the definition of a tissue? - (answer)A large mass of similar cells that make up a part of an
organism and perform a specific function.
Living things inherit information from their parents encoded in what? - (answer)DNA
What are the subatomic particles of an atom? - (answer)protons, neutrons, and electrons
Which subatomic particle plays the greatest role in chemical reactions? - (answer)electrons
Why will atoms react with other atoms? - (answer)their outermost shell of electrons has not been filled
What is the definition of a hydrophobic molecule? - (answer)A molecule that is repelled by water or is
"water-fearing".
How many covalent bonds can oxygen make with hydrogen? - (answer)two
What is the definition of a solute? Solvent? - (answer)A solute is the substance to be dissolved (example:
sugar). The solvent is the one doing the dissolving (example: water).
, Biology 100 Final Exam Study Guide | 2026 Introductory Biology Prep
What is the definition of an acid (in regards to hydrogen atoms)? - (answer)Acids are substances that
can donate H+ ions to bases.
What is glycogen? - (answer)a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a
polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis.
What is a polysaccharide? - (answer)a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose
molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
What is a phospholipid? - (answer)two fatty acids, attached to a glycerol 'head' and a phosphate group.
they are located in the phospholipid bilayer and have a hydrophilic (or 'water loving') head and a
hydrophobic (or 'water fearing') tail.
What are the functions of proteins? - (answer)Quickening chemical reactions, chemical messengers,
repair and maintenance, energy, hormones, enzymes, transportation and storage of molecules, and
forming antibodies, healing, mechanical support, storing nutrients, cell signaling.
What are proteins made up of? - (answer)amino acids
What is DNA made up of? - (answer)nucleotides
What are the organelles found in an animal cell? - (answer)nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytoplasm,
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, Golgi body, ribosome
What is the boundary of an animal cell called? - (answer)cell membrane
What is the main function of the nucleus? - (answer)Its main function is to regulate gene expression; it
also controls cellular growth and replication.
What is the main function of ribosomes? - (answer)making proteins
