Comprehensive Study Guide for U.S. History Since 1865 - Volume 2 (8th Edition)

Comprehensive Study Resource Complete coverage of U.S. History from 1865 to present Reconstruction Era through modern times Political, social, and economic developments Key events, figures, and movements Industrial Revolution and Progressive Era World Wars and Cold War analysis Civil Rights Movement and contemporary issues Perfect for college history courses and exam prep Key Topics Covered: • Reconstruction & Gilded Age • World War I & II • Immigration & Urbanization • Great Depression & New Deal • Civil Rights & Social Movements • Cold War Era • Modern America & Globalization • Contemporary Issues Educational Study Material Copyright-Free Version • Images Removed • For Educational Use This document contains study notes and educational material based on historical content in the public domain TEST BANK THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A History of the United States EIGHTH EDITION David Goldfield University of North Carolina, Charlotte Carl Abbott Portland State University Virginia DeJohn Anderson University of Colorado, Boulder Jo Ann E. Argersinger Southern Illinois University Peter H. Argersinger Southern Illinois University William L. Barney University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Robert M. Weir University of South Carolina Pearson Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo i Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River St., Hoboken, NJ 07030 Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-134-10347-5 ISBN 13: 978-0-134-10347-1 ii CONTENTS Chapter 1: Worlds Apart Chapter 2: Transplantation and Adaptation 1600–1685 Chapter 3: A Meeting of Cultures Chapter 4: English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s–1763 Chapter 5: Imperial Breakdown 1763–1774 Chapter 6: The War for Independence 1774–1783 Chapter 7: The First Republic 1776–1789 Chapter 8: A New Republic and the Rise of Parties 1789–1800 Chapter 9: The Triumph and Collapse of Jeffersonian Republicanism 1800–1824 Chapter 10: The Jacksonian Era 1824–1845 Chapter 11: Slavery and the Old South 1800–1860 Chapter 12: The Market Revolution and Social Reform 1815–1850 Chapter 13: The Way West 1815–1850 Chapter 14: The Politics of Sectionalism 1846–1861 Chapter 15: Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War 1861–1865 Chapter 16: Reconstruction 1865–1877 Chapter 17: A New South: Economic Progress and Social Tradition 1877–1900 Chapter 18: Industry, Immigrants, and Cities 1870–1900 Chapter 19: Transforming the West 1865–1890 Chapter 20: Politics and Government 1877–1900 Chapter 21: The Progressive Era 1900–1917 1 15 30 45 59 73 87 102 116 129 143 158 173 187 201 215 229 243 257 271 287 iii Chapter 22: Creating an Empire 1865–1917 302 Chapter 23: America and the Great War 1914–1920 Chapter 24: Toward a Modern America: The 1920s Chapter 25: The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939 Chapter 26: World War II 1939–1945 Chapter 27: The Cold War at Home and Abroad 1946–1952 Chapter 28: The Confident Years 1953–1964 Chapter 29: Shaken to the Roots 1965–1980 Chapter 30: The Reagan Revolution and a Changing World 1981–1992 Chapter 31: Complacency, Crisis, and Global Reengagement 1993–2015 316 330 345 360 374 388 403 417 431 iv CHAPTER 1: WORLDS APART Multiple Choice 1. In 1492, how many people lived on the continents of North and South America? A) 50 million B) 70 million C) 80 million D) 100 million Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1 Native American Societies before 1492 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. In 1500, the overall state of relations among Native American groups was __________. A) isolated B) peaceful C) unstable D) cooperative Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1 Native American Societies before 1492 Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 3. What allowed early Americans to start permanent villages? A) better building techniques B) trade C) farming D) better hunting practices Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.2 The Development of Agriculture Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 4. Which of the following was among the foods that sustained the Inuit and Aleut tribes? A) quinoa B) deer C) olives D) seals Answer: D Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just 1 Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.3 Nonfarming Societies Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Which group dominated Mexico from 900 to 1100 C.E.? A) Aztecs B) Toltecs C) Mayans D) Olmecs Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civilizations Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. What was the name of the Aztec capital? A) Teotihuacán B) Tenochtitlán C) Mesoamerica D) Mexico City Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civilizations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7. Which group developed Mesoamerica’s most advanced writing system? A) Aztecs B) Aleuts C) Mayans D) Chinooks Answer: C Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.4 Mesoamerican Civilizations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Connections 8. Which of the following is an example of a “mound-building” society? A) Mississippian B) Cree C) Toltecs D) Cherokee Answer: A 2 Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.5 North America’s Diverse Cultures Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. Which of the following tribes is descended from the ancestral Puebloan peoples? A) Navajo B) Hopi C) Apache D) Carib Answer: B Learning Objective: How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? Topic: 1.1.5 North America’s Diverse Cultures Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 10. In the fifteenth century, West African empires were typically found in the __________ areas. A) coastal B) inland C) mountainous D) desert Answer: B Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 11. Which of the following contributed to frequent warfare between West African states? A) religious differences B) scarcity of food C) lack of access to fresh water D) proliferation of skilled metalworkers Answer: D Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society? Topic: 1.2.1 Geographical and Political Differences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Connections 12. Most African immigrants to the Americas came from __________. A) West Africa B) East Africa C) North Africa D) South Africa Answer: A Learning Objective: What were the key characteristics of West African society?