TEST BANK FOR
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in
Adults and Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive
enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondri
a
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
,b. Peroxisome
s
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been
pinched off from the cellular membrane.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine
causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due
to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
, a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in
Adults and Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive
enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondri
a
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
,b. Peroxisome
s
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been
pinched off from the cellular membrane.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is
to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine
causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due
to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
, a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
