DATA LITERACY FOUNDATIONS TEST WITH SOLUTIONS #12
Data - correct answer The word data itself simply means known facts.
That is, data is any fact that may
Be used for the basis of reasoning or calculation.
The word data, in fact, is plural of the word datum,
Which is the singular form.
So when we talk about data, we usually
Mean a set of facts taken together. Data often refers to numbers, but it can also include
Words, sounds, and images.
At the highest level, data can be
Thought of as either depicting something measurable
Or describing the nature of something.
The two basic types of data are quantitative and qualitative.
Symbol - correct answer A symbol is something that represents something else
By association, resemblance, or convention, especially
A material object used to represent something invisible.
Conventional symbols are used in maps to represent or indicate real objects or
characteristics. Maps are a reduced representation of the world and so symbols are
used to make sure that a person easily reads a map while correlating them with the real
world.
Signal - correct answer A signal is a gesture such as an arm movement,
Or a colored light that serves as a means of communication. A red traffic light would be
a signal.
Quantitative Data - correct answer Quantitative data are numeric and can be measured.
Generally speaking, when you measure something and give it a numeric value, you
create quantitative data. Quantitative or numerical data can be further classified as
either discrete data or continuous data.
Discrete Data - correct answer Discrete data are numeric data that have either a finite
number of possible values or can be counted. Typically, it involves whole numbers such
as 1 2, 3, 4, 5. When data represents counts, they are discrete. Discrete data is a count
that can't be made more precise, and therefore, cannot represent any possible value
between two points.
Continuos Data - correct answer Continuous data have infinite possibilities that can be
measured at finer and finer levels, like 1.4, 1.41, 1.414, 1.4142. These real numbers are
continuous and can take on every possible value in between two points so they are
often rounded. Continuous data is used to measure quantities like length, volume, or
time. Continuous data quantifies physical items that can be measured at progressively
more precise levels, limited by the precision of the measuring device. Continuous data
itself can be characterized into two subtypes: interval and ratio.
, Interval - correct answer An interval scale allows for the degree of difference between
items. Interval scale is ranked or ordered, and the distance between data points is
uniform. Differences between two points on an interval scale can be calculated using
addition (+) and subtraction (-), but
Not multiplication (x) or division (/)
Ratio - correct answer A ratio scale possesses a meaningful, unique, and
Non-arbitrary zero value, and all measurements
Begin from that and zero point. Ratios are meaningful because they have a non-
arbitrary zero point which allows for multiplication and division.
Qualitative Data - correct answer Qualitative data are non-numeric and sometimes
referred to as categorical. When you classify or judge something, you create qualitative
data. Qualitative data also has different categories: nominal and ordinal. Nominal data
names things without putting them in an order. Ordinal data, however, can be ranked in
relation to each other. Note that while qualitative data is not itself a numerical value, it
can be written in numerical form sometimes.
Nominal Data - correct answer Nominal scale data is a label. It is categorical data that
Doesn't have a specific order. With nominal data, you can distinguish between different
values but not necessarily order them. You can count using nominal data and assign
numerical values to items, but you cannot order or measure the data according to those
numbers.
Ordinal Data - correct answer Ordinal scale data can be ranked. Ordinal is ordered
data, where ranking does matter, but characterized by indeterminate distance between
the values. There is no attempt to make the intervals of the scale equal in terms of
some rule.
Data Literacy - correct answer Data literacy goes beyond just knowing how to formulate
and read data. Data literacy means that you can read, write, and understand data in
context. True data literacy means that you can analyze and assess
What the data says or is trying to say. A data literate person knows the difference
between mean, median, and mode, and whether someone using those data is using
them in a way that makes sense. A data literate person can recognize whether or not a
difference is statistically significant. Literacy in data is similar to literacy in language, but
even at its most basic level, data literacy implies a deeper ability to understand and
manipulate data that goes beyond the "reading and writing" level of language literacy. A
data-literate professional possesses the knowledge and skills to access, interpret, act
on, and communicate information
To support organizational decision making. Generally, data literacy requires a
combination
Of digital and information literacy.
Context - correct answer The interrelated conditions in which
Data - correct answer The word data itself simply means known facts.
That is, data is any fact that may
Be used for the basis of reasoning or calculation.
The word data, in fact, is plural of the word datum,
Which is the singular form.
So when we talk about data, we usually
Mean a set of facts taken together. Data often refers to numbers, but it can also include
Words, sounds, and images.
At the highest level, data can be
Thought of as either depicting something measurable
Or describing the nature of something.
The two basic types of data are quantitative and qualitative.
Symbol - correct answer A symbol is something that represents something else
By association, resemblance, or convention, especially
A material object used to represent something invisible.
Conventional symbols are used in maps to represent or indicate real objects or
characteristics. Maps are a reduced representation of the world and so symbols are
used to make sure that a person easily reads a map while correlating them with the real
world.
Signal - correct answer A signal is a gesture such as an arm movement,
Or a colored light that serves as a means of communication. A red traffic light would be
a signal.
Quantitative Data - correct answer Quantitative data are numeric and can be measured.
Generally speaking, when you measure something and give it a numeric value, you
create quantitative data. Quantitative or numerical data can be further classified as
either discrete data or continuous data.
Discrete Data - correct answer Discrete data are numeric data that have either a finite
number of possible values or can be counted. Typically, it involves whole numbers such
as 1 2, 3, 4, 5. When data represents counts, they are discrete. Discrete data is a count
that can't be made more precise, and therefore, cannot represent any possible value
between two points.
Continuos Data - correct answer Continuous data have infinite possibilities that can be
measured at finer and finer levels, like 1.4, 1.41, 1.414, 1.4142. These real numbers are
continuous and can take on every possible value in between two points so they are
often rounded. Continuous data is used to measure quantities like length, volume, or
time. Continuous data quantifies physical items that can be measured at progressively
more precise levels, limited by the precision of the measuring device. Continuous data
itself can be characterized into two subtypes: interval and ratio.
, Interval - correct answer An interval scale allows for the degree of difference between
items. Interval scale is ranked or ordered, and the distance between data points is
uniform. Differences between two points on an interval scale can be calculated using
addition (+) and subtraction (-), but
Not multiplication (x) or division (/)
Ratio - correct answer A ratio scale possesses a meaningful, unique, and
Non-arbitrary zero value, and all measurements
Begin from that and zero point. Ratios are meaningful because they have a non-
arbitrary zero point which allows for multiplication and division.
Qualitative Data - correct answer Qualitative data are non-numeric and sometimes
referred to as categorical. When you classify or judge something, you create qualitative
data. Qualitative data also has different categories: nominal and ordinal. Nominal data
names things without putting them in an order. Ordinal data, however, can be ranked in
relation to each other. Note that while qualitative data is not itself a numerical value, it
can be written in numerical form sometimes.
Nominal Data - correct answer Nominal scale data is a label. It is categorical data that
Doesn't have a specific order. With nominal data, you can distinguish between different
values but not necessarily order them. You can count using nominal data and assign
numerical values to items, but you cannot order or measure the data according to those
numbers.
Ordinal Data - correct answer Ordinal scale data can be ranked. Ordinal is ordered
data, where ranking does matter, but characterized by indeterminate distance between
the values. There is no attempt to make the intervals of the scale equal in terms of
some rule.
Data Literacy - correct answer Data literacy goes beyond just knowing how to formulate
and read data. Data literacy means that you can read, write, and understand data in
context. True data literacy means that you can analyze and assess
What the data says or is trying to say. A data literate person knows the difference
between mean, median, and mode, and whether someone using those data is using
them in a way that makes sense. A data literate person can recognize whether or not a
difference is statistically significant. Literacy in data is similar to literacy in language, but
even at its most basic level, data literacy implies a deeper ability to understand and
manipulate data that goes beyond the "reading and writing" level of language literacy. A
data-literate professional possesses the knowledge and skills to access, interpret, act
on, and communicate information
To support organizational decision making. Generally, data literacy requires a
combination
Of digital and information literacy.
Context - correct answer The interrelated conditions in which
