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1. Which part of a neuron transports an electrical signal?
a) Axon
b) Synapse
c) Dendrite
d) Nucleus - Correct Answer: Axon
2. While studying in a noisy coffee shop, a student is able to focus solely on
their textbook, tuning out the surrounding conversations and background
music.
Which cognitive phenomenon does this scenario illustrate?
a) Selective attention
b) Divided attention
c) Sustained attention
d) Distracted attention - Correct Answer: Selective attention
3. A person is enjoying a day at the beach. They hear children playing, see the
ocean waves, feel the warm sun, taste the salty air, and smell sunscreen.
Which state of consciousness is this person experiencing?
,a) Wakeful state
b) Asleep state
c) Hypnotized state
d) Daydream state - Correct Answer: Wakeful state
4. How does rotating shift work affect consciousness?
a) It can affect a person's sleep regulation, leading to insomnia and fatigue.
b) It can reduce long-term memory, affecting a person's ability to remember.
c) It can shorten the time it takes to fall asleep, leading to more restorative
sleep.
d) It can interrupt hormone production, reducing cognitive ability. -
Correct Answer: It can affect a person's sleep regulation, leading to
insomnia and fatigue.
5. Which statement describes circadian rhythm in the sleep-wake cycle and
consciousness?
a) Circadian rhythms primarily determine how long one sleeps.
b) Circadian rhythms regulate the sleep-wake cycle and impact alertness.
c) Circadian rhythms exclusively affect the sleep-wake cycle.
d) Circadian rhythms only influence dream content during the sleep-wake
cycle. - Correct Answer: Circadian rhythms regulate the sleep-wake
cycle and impact alertness.
6. Which types of tasks have revealed cognitive deficits in people with a
substance abuse disorder?
a) Attention seeking tests
b) Verbal matching puzzles
c) Spatial awareness puzzles
d) Working memory tests - Correct Answer: Working memory tests
, 7. Which test measures brain activity to determine a person's stage of sleep or
consciousness?
a) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
b) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
d) Positron emission tomography (PET) - Correct Answer:
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
8. What does the Stroop interference task use to demonstrate a slower
reaction time?
a) By displaying familiar words in unusual fonts
b) By displaying unknown words in different colors
c) By displaying color words in different color fonts
d) By displaying the same words in different sizes - Correct Answer: By
displaying color words in different color fonts
9. A kindergarten student is trying to solve a handheld maze. The student
focuses on the last step of the maze, causing them to miss earlier steps.
What process describes why the student has a difficult time discovering the first
step required to solve the maze?
a) Fixation causes the student to focus too much on the last part of the maze
and to overlook important steps at the beginning.
b) Insight causes the student to become too focused on predicting the final
steps for completing the maze.
c) Focus causes the student to concentrate on the end result instead of
picturing the maze in their mind.
, d) Restructuring of the maze path in the student's mind leads to the finding
the wrong solution. - Correct Answer: Fixation causes the student to
focus too much on the last part of the maze and to overlook important
steps at the beginning.
10.A teenager's car won't start because the battery is drained after leaving the
headlights on overnight. He realizes he needs jumper cables after recalling a
childhood memory of his parents jump-starting the family car after the
battery died.
Which recognition and memory retrieval processes were involved in this problem-
solving?
a) Fixating, checking, and assessing
b) Encoding, revising, and trading-off
c) Sourcing, analyzing, and target-recognizing
d) Noticing, mapping, and applying - Correct Answer: Noticing, mapping,
and applying
11.Which example demonstrates Newell and Simon's approach to problem
solving?
a) A person planning an event makes a list of to-dos and begins working on
one task at a time until they are all completed.
b) A person planning to attend a concert takes a bus route in the wrong
direction and recognizes the mistake upon seeing their old workplace.
c) A person sees an old classmate across the street and avoids making eye
contact because they do not remember their name.
d) A person sees a cake in a store window and buys all the ingredients they
need to try to recreate the cake. - Correct Answer: A person planning an
event makes a list of to-dos and begins working on one task at a time until
they are all completed.