HCC UNIT 1 QUIZ ;QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS
What are normal physiological changes that occur with aging? What are the multisystemic
expected findings in the aging?
Skin- loss of elasticity w/ fat in extremities, pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy,
thinning hair (white), facial hair decrease w/ men and increase w/ women, slower nail
growth, atrophy of epidermal arterioles
Respiratory- decrease in cough reflex and ciliary activity, increase anterior-posterior
diameter, increase chest wall rigidity, fewer alveoli, increased airway resistance
Cardio- thicken BV walls, narrow lumen, loss vessel elasticity, lower CO, decrease heart
muscle fibers, decrease baroreceptor sensitivity, increased systolic BP, decreased
peripheral circulation
Gastrointestinal-Periodontal disease; decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic
enzymes; decreased peristalsis; gastric atrophy; increased stomach pH; hemorrhoids;
rectal prolapse; and impaired rectal sensation.
Musculoskeletal-Decreased muscle mass and strength, decalcification of bones,
degenerative joint changes, dehydration of intervertebral disks, fat tissue increases
Neurological-Degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of
conduction of impulses
Eyes-decreased near/far vision (presbyopia), difficulty adjusting to changes from light to
dark, yellowing of the lens, altered color perception, increased sensitivity to glare, smaller
pupils
Ears-loss high-frequency tones (presbycusis), thickening of tympanic membrane, sclerosis
of inner ear, buildup of earwax (cerumen)
Taste- often diminished; often fewer taste buds
Smell- diminished
Touch- decreased skin receptors
Immune- thymus decreases in size and volume; t-cell function decreases; core temperature
elevation is lowered
Renal- decrease function (50%)
Reproductive- erectile dysfunction, decrease size in vagina & dryness
-Lower core temp
-Harder to get air through, decreased cough reflex, decreased lung capacity, COPD
Erikson developmental stages- order, ages, successful mastery vs failure to master each
task
-Trust vs mistrust (birth-1 year/18 months) successful ability to trust him/her self, others,
and the world; allow infant to signal needs
-Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1 year/18 months-3 years) successful self-control and
independence/ willpower (can eat on their own, move on their own, terrible twos); give
choices
, -Initiative vs guilt (3-6 years) successful direction and purpose;
-Industry vs inferiority (6-11 years) successful experience real achievement to develop a
sense of competency; school, what they are good at
-Identity vs role confusion (puberty) sexual maturity, "who am I?"; successful devotion
and fidelity to others and to their own ideals; peer intervention
-Intimacy vs isolation (young adult) affiliation vs love; successful finding the self and then
losing it in another. If the young adult is not able to establish companionship and intimacy,
isolation results because he or she fears rejection and disappointment
-Generativity vs self-absorption and stagnation (middle age) successful contributing to
future generations through parenthood, teaching, mentoring, and community involvement.
Wants to give back to the community. Inability to play a role in the development of the next
generation results in stagnation
Integrity vs despair (old age) successful reflect on their meaningful relationships, such as
relationships with a higher power, family members, or the community.
How will you alter your teaching depending on different developmental ages?
For younger people you might have to use simpler words because they do not understand
the medical terminology. For older people, you might have to explain more and speak
slower because they process information slower, hearing impairment. Falling, chocking,
safety
What signs and symptoms in the older adult are NOT normal signs of aging and require
action?
(SPICES) Sleep disorders, Problems eating, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls,
Skin breakdown; pain, memory loss, sensory loss, altered mental status
Differentiate biophysical, moral, cognitive, and psychosocial development
-Biophysical development is how our physical bodies grow and change
-Moral development refers to the changes in a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
that influence beliefs about what is right or wrong (interpersonal and intrapersonal)
(preconventional-punishment, conventional- want to be good, and postconventional-societal
morality)
-cognitive development- growth of ability to think and reason. It includes four periods that
are related to age and demonstrate specific categories of knowing and understanding
(sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations)
-Psychosocial development describes human development from the perspectives of
personality, thinking, and behavior; individuals need to accomplish a particular task
before successfully mastering the stage and progressing to the next one
Define proximodistal and cephalocaudal development
-Cephalocaudal pattern describes the sequence in which growth is fastest at the top (e.g.,
head and brain develop faster than arm and leg coordination). proportionate growth
(infants)
ANSWERS
What are normal physiological changes that occur with aging? What are the multisystemic
expected findings in the aging?
Skin- loss of elasticity w/ fat in extremities, pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy,
thinning hair (white), facial hair decrease w/ men and increase w/ women, slower nail
growth, atrophy of epidermal arterioles
Respiratory- decrease in cough reflex and ciliary activity, increase anterior-posterior
diameter, increase chest wall rigidity, fewer alveoli, increased airway resistance
Cardio- thicken BV walls, narrow lumen, loss vessel elasticity, lower CO, decrease heart
muscle fibers, decrease baroreceptor sensitivity, increased systolic BP, decreased
peripheral circulation
Gastrointestinal-Periodontal disease; decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic
enzymes; decreased peristalsis; gastric atrophy; increased stomach pH; hemorrhoids;
rectal prolapse; and impaired rectal sensation.
Musculoskeletal-Decreased muscle mass and strength, decalcification of bones,
degenerative joint changes, dehydration of intervertebral disks, fat tissue increases
Neurological-Degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of
conduction of impulses
Eyes-decreased near/far vision (presbyopia), difficulty adjusting to changes from light to
dark, yellowing of the lens, altered color perception, increased sensitivity to glare, smaller
pupils
Ears-loss high-frequency tones (presbycusis), thickening of tympanic membrane, sclerosis
of inner ear, buildup of earwax (cerumen)
Taste- often diminished; often fewer taste buds
Smell- diminished
Touch- decreased skin receptors
Immune- thymus decreases in size and volume; t-cell function decreases; core temperature
elevation is lowered
Renal- decrease function (50%)
Reproductive- erectile dysfunction, decrease size in vagina & dryness
-Lower core temp
-Harder to get air through, decreased cough reflex, decreased lung capacity, COPD
Erikson developmental stages- order, ages, successful mastery vs failure to master each
task
-Trust vs mistrust (birth-1 year/18 months) successful ability to trust him/her self, others,
and the world; allow infant to signal needs
-Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1 year/18 months-3 years) successful self-control and
independence/ willpower (can eat on their own, move on their own, terrible twos); give
choices
, -Initiative vs guilt (3-6 years) successful direction and purpose;
-Industry vs inferiority (6-11 years) successful experience real achievement to develop a
sense of competency; school, what they are good at
-Identity vs role confusion (puberty) sexual maturity, "who am I?"; successful devotion
and fidelity to others and to their own ideals; peer intervention
-Intimacy vs isolation (young adult) affiliation vs love; successful finding the self and then
losing it in another. If the young adult is not able to establish companionship and intimacy,
isolation results because he or she fears rejection and disappointment
-Generativity vs self-absorption and stagnation (middle age) successful contributing to
future generations through parenthood, teaching, mentoring, and community involvement.
Wants to give back to the community. Inability to play a role in the development of the next
generation results in stagnation
Integrity vs despair (old age) successful reflect on their meaningful relationships, such as
relationships with a higher power, family members, or the community.
How will you alter your teaching depending on different developmental ages?
For younger people you might have to use simpler words because they do not understand
the medical terminology. For older people, you might have to explain more and speak
slower because they process information slower, hearing impairment. Falling, chocking,
safety
What signs and symptoms in the older adult are NOT normal signs of aging and require
action?
(SPICES) Sleep disorders, Problems eating, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls,
Skin breakdown; pain, memory loss, sensory loss, altered mental status
Differentiate biophysical, moral, cognitive, and psychosocial development
-Biophysical development is how our physical bodies grow and change
-Moral development refers to the changes in a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
that influence beliefs about what is right or wrong (interpersonal and intrapersonal)
(preconventional-punishment, conventional- want to be good, and postconventional-societal
morality)
-cognitive development- growth of ability to think and reason. It includes four periods that
are related to age and demonstrate specific categories of knowing and understanding
(sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations)
-Psychosocial development describes human development from the perspectives of
personality, thinking, and behavior; individuals need to accomplish a particular task
before successfully mastering the stage and progressing to the next one
Define proximodistal and cephalocaudal development
-Cephalocaudal pattern describes the sequence in which growth is fastest at the top (e.g.,
head and brain develop faster than arm and leg coordination). proportionate growth
(infants)
