ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS
COMBINED WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026 UPDATE.
A. Knee extension - ANS a complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar plexus
affects what motion?
A. knee extension
B. hip adduction
c. hip extension
d. knee flexion
e. ankle plantarflexion
the femoral nerve - ANS what is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?
Iliopsoas - ANS what is the primary flexor of the hip?
common peroneal nerve - ANS paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by injury
to what nerve?
Equinus deformity - ANS toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,heel strike on one limb and a subsequent heel strike on the ipsilateral side - ANS what is a
cycle of gait defined as?
C. Line of progression - ANS toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot to
the:
A. subtalar joint
B. ankle joint axis
C. line of progression
D. Knee axis
subtalar joint - ANS what joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily at?
talus, tibia, fibula - ANS what bones make up the talocrural joint?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
essentially a hinge type joint - ANS what motion occurs in the talocrural joint?
resist over-eversion of the foot - ANS what is the primary action of the medial ligament of the
ankle?
resist over-inversion of the foot - ANS what is the primary action of the lateral ligament of the
ankle?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - ANS what muscles
produce dorsiflexion of the ankle?
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis - ANS what muscles produce
plantarflexion of the ankle?
talus and calcaneus - ANS what bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,talonavicular, calcaneocuboid - ANS what joints make up the midtarsal joint?
the anterior talar head and the concavity on the navicular - ANS what makes up the
talonavicular joint?
the anterior facet of the calcaneus and the posterior cuboid - ANS what makes up the
calcaneocuboid joint?
midtarsal joints (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) - ANS what are the Chopart joints?
tarsometatarsal joints - ANS what are the Lisfranc joints?
1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform - ANS what makes up the medial column of the
tarsometatarsal joints?
2nd and 3rd metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms - ANS what makes up the
middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints?
4th and 5th metatarsals and the cuboid - ANS what makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal
joints?
inversion and eversion, dorsiflexion an plantar flexion - ANS what motions are produced at
the subtalar joint?
inversion and eversion. flexion and extension - ANS what motions are produced at the
midtarsal joint?
flexion and extension, abduction and adduction - ANS what motions are produced at the
metatarsalphalangeal joints?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, flexion and extension - ANS what motions are produced at the IP joints?
D. shortened step length on contralateral side - ANS a complete lesion of the tibial nerve on
one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side
(posterior lower leg muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor
hallucis longus - ANS what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
cervical lateral flexion - ANS what is the C3 myotome
shoulder elevation - ANS what is the C4 myotome
shoulder abduction - ANS what is the C5 myotome
elbow flexion, wrist extension - ANS what is the C6 myotome
elbow extension, wrist flexion - ANS what is the C7 myotome
thumb extension, finger flexion - ANS what is the C8 myotome
finger abduction and adduction - ANS what is the T1 myotome
hip flexion - ANS what is the L2 myotome
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
COMBINED WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026 UPDATE.
A. Knee extension - ANS a complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar plexus
affects what motion?
A. knee extension
B. hip adduction
c. hip extension
d. knee flexion
e. ankle plantarflexion
the femoral nerve - ANS what is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?
Iliopsoas - ANS what is the primary flexor of the hip?
common peroneal nerve - ANS paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by injury
to what nerve?
Equinus deformity - ANS toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,heel strike on one limb and a subsequent heel strike on the ipsilateral side - ANS what is a
cycle of gait defined as?
C. Line of progression - ANS toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot to
the:
A. subtalar joint
B. ankle joint axis
C. line of progression
D. Knee axis
subtalar joint - ANS what joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily at?
talus, tibia, fibula - ANS what bones make up the talocrural joint?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
essentially a hinge type joint - ANS what motion occurs in the talocrural joint?
resist over-eversion of the foot - ANS what is the primary action of the medial ligament of the
ankle?
resist over-inversion of the foot - ANS what is the primary action of the lateral ligament of the
ankle?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - ANS what muscles
produce dorsiflexion of the ankle?
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis - ANS what muscles produce
plantarflexion of the ankle?
talus and calcaneus - ANS what bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,talonavicular, calcaneocuboid - ANS what joints make up the midtarsal joint?
the anterior talar head and the concavity on the navicular - ANS what makes up the
talonavicular joint?
the anterior facet of the calcaneus and the posterior cuboid - ANS what makes up the
calcaneocuboid joint?
midtarsal joints (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) - ANS what are the Chopart joints?
tarsometatarsal joints - ANS what are the Lisfranc joints?
1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform - ANS what makes up the medial column of the
tarsometatarsal joints?
2nd and 3rd metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms - ANS what makes up the
middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints?
4th and 5th metatarsals and the cuboid - ANS what makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal
joints?
inversion and eversion, dorsiflexion an plantar flexion - ANS what motions are produced at
the subtalar joint?
inversion and eversion. flexion and extension - ANS what motions are produced at the
midtarsal joint?
flexion and extension, abduction and adduction - ANS what motions are produced at the
metatarsalphalangeal joints?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, flexion and extension - ANS what motions are produced at the IP joints?
D. shortened step length on contralateral side - ANS a complete lesion of the tibial nerve on
one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side
(posterior lower leg muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor
hallucis longus - ANS what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
cervical lateral flexion - ANS what is the C3 myotome
shoulder elevation - ANS what is the C4 myotome
shoulder abduction - ANS what is the C5 myotome
elbow flexion, wrist extension - ANS what is the C6 myotome
elbow extension, wrist flexion - ANS what is the C7 myotome
thumb extension, finger flexion - ANS what is the C8 myotome
finger abduction and adduction - ANS what is the T1 myotome
hip flexion - ANS what is the L2 myotome
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
