NURS 143 EXAM 3 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
Often associated with pulmonary emboli, ____ (acronym only) usually occurs in the deep
veins of the lower extremities. Risk factors are bed rest, obesity, hormonal agents and smoking.
magnesium
Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by this element. In a patient
who is deficient in ____, calcium can bring about severe arrhythmias.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
____ (acronym only) lab values can help to diagnose heart failure. Elevations higher than 100
pg/mL is suggestive of HF. A value greater than 300 pg/mL is likely due to HF.
baroreceptors
The ____ are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus and have a role in vasoconstriction
and regulating BP.
rapid depolarization
Phase 0 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
of atrial and ventricular myocytes is initiated, as positive Na+ ions move into the cell.
rapid repolarization
Phase 1 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
begins as K+ starts slowly to move out of the cell.
plateau phase
Phase 2 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? The rate
of repolarization slows as Ca2+ ions enter the ICF during the ____ (two words).
final repolarization
Phase 3 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
begins as K+ exits more rapidly from the cell.
resting phase
Phase 4 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? Na+ moves out of
the cell and K+ begins to move back into the cell during the ____ (two words) of the action
potential curve.
conducting
,The heart's ____ system involves a signal that originates with the SA node (pace maker
cells), is transmitted to the AV node and bundle of His and then to the Purkinje fibers.
parasympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system arrive to the heart via the Vagus (CN X) nerve. Nerves in
the atria, ventricles, SA and AV nodes work to calm the heart rate.
sympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system increases the rate of impulse generation and impulse
transmission to the heart. Nerves of this system innervate all other parts of
the atria and ventricles.
autonomic
The ____ nervous system influences the rate of impulse generation and speed of
conduction pathways & strength of A/V contractions.
preload
___ refers to the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle. This decreases with H2O
loss (e.g. dehydration) and increases with H2O retention, hypervolemia and heart failure.
cardiac output
The ____ (two words) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in
L/min, 4-6 L/min for the typical adult. SV x HR =
afterload
The ___ is the resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle and second determinant of
stroke volume. Increased with hypertension and vascular resistance/vasoconstriction.
direct
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with arterial pressure and O2 demand.
indirect
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with SV, CO, systemic blood and coronary
volume and O2 supply.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Contractility is the force generated by the contracting myocardium. ____, a positive inotropic
drug, is often prescribed to increase heart contractility. Think fox-gloves...
ejection fraction
The percentage of the EDV that is ejected with each heartbeat is called the ____ (two words).
A WNL value is 65%. Measured by an ECHOcardigram or ultrasound.
, aspirin
___, an OTC medication, is an important antithrombotic therapy for secondary
prevention in patients recovering from ACS.
orthopnea
Patients with worsening HF often experience ____, a term used to indicate the need to sit
upright or stand to avoid feeling SOB.
30
A pulse pressure of less than ____ (#) mmHg signifies a serious reduction in cardiac
output and requires further cardiovascular assessment.
CVP (central venous pressure)
Obvious JVD with the patient's head elevated 45 to 90 degrees indicates an abnormal increase
in ____ (acronym only). Common during right-sided HF, pulmonary HTN, and pulmonary
stenosis.
gallops
Abnormal sounds develop during heart dysrhythmias called S3 or S4 ____, opening snaps,
systolic clicks and murmurs.
S1
The ___ heart sound (lub) occurs during systole when the mitral and tricuspid valves close
(SMT).
S2
The ___ heart sound (dub) occurs during diastole when the aortic and pulmonary (semilunar)
valves close (DAP).
S3
An ____ heart sound (lub-dub-DUB) is heard early in diastole during the period of rapid
ventricular filling, a ventricular gallop. Considered "physiologic" in children and adults up to
40 years but a sign of CHF in older adults.
S4
An ___ heart sound (LUB-lub-dub), an atrial gallop occurs late in diastole and is heard just
before S1 is generated during atrial contraction as blood forcefully enters a
noncompliant, hypertrophic ventricle--assoc'd with HTN and MI.
aortic
Name the point #1 for auscultation of the heart: _____.
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
Often associated with pulmonary emboli, ____ (acronym only) usually occurs in the deep
veins of the lower extremities. Risk factors are bed rest, obesity, hormonal agents and smoking.
magnesium
Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by this element. In a patient
who is deficient in ____, calcium can bring about severe arrhythmias.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
____ (acronym only) lab values can help to diagnose heart failure. Elevations higher than 100
pg/mL is suggestive of HF. A value greater than 300 pg/mL is likely due to HF.
baroreceptors
The ____ are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus and have a role in vasoconstriction
and regulating BP.
rapid depolarization
Phase 0 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
of atrial and ventricular myocytes is initiated, as positive Na+ ions move into the cell.
rapid repolarization
Phase 1 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
begins as K+ starts slowly to move out of the cell.
plateau phase
Phase 2 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? The rate
of repolarization slows as Ca2+ ions enter the ICF during the ____ (two words).
final repolarization
Phase 3 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? ____ (two words)
begins as K+ exits more rapidly from the cell.
resting phase
Phase 4 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve? Na+ moves out of
the cell and K+ begins to move back into the cell during the ____ (two words) of the action
potential curve.
conducting
,The heart's ____ system involves a signal that originates with the SA node (pace maker
cells), is transmitted to the AV node and bundle of His and then to the Purkinje fibers.
parasympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system arrive to the heart via the Vagus (CN X) nerve. Nerves in
the atria, ventricles, SA and AV nodes work to calm the heart rate.
sympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system increases the rate of impulse generation and impulse
transmission to the heart. Nerves of this system innervate all other parts of
the atria and ventricles.
autonomic
The ____ nervous system influences the rate of impulse generation and speed of
conduction pathways & strength of A/V contractions.
preload
___ refers to the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle. This decreases with H2O
loss (e.g. dehydration) and increases with H2O retention, hypervolemia and heart failure.
cardiac output
The ____ (two words) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in
L/min, 4-6 L/min for the typical adult. SV x HR =
afterload
The ___ is the resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle and second determinant of
stroke volume. Increased with hypertension and vascular resistance/vasoconstriction.
direct
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with arterial pressure and O2 demand.
indirect
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with SV, CO, systemic blood and coronary
volume and O2 supply.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Contractility is the force generated by the contracting myocardium. ____, a positive inotropic
drug, is often prescribed to increase heart contractility. Think fox-gloves...
ejection fraction
The percentage of the EDV that is ejected with each heartbeat is called the ____ (two words).
A WNL value is 65%. Measured by an ECHOcardigram or ultrasound.
, aspirin
___, an OTC medication, is an important antithrombotic therapy for secondary
prevention in patients recovering from ACS.
orthopnea
Patients with worsening HF often experience ____, a term used to indicate the need to sit
upright or stand to avoid feeling SOB.
30
A pulse pressure of less than ____ (#) mmHg signifies a serious reduction in cardiac
output and requires further cardiovascular assessment.
CVP (central venous pressure)
Obvious JVD with the patient's head elevated 45 to 90 degrees indicates an abnormal increase
in ____ (acronym only). Common during right-sided HF, pulmonary HTN, and pulmonary
stenosis.
gallops
Abnormal sounds develop during heart dysrhythmias called S3 or S4 ____, opening snaps,
systolic clicks and murmurs.
S1
The ___ heart sound (lub) occurs during systole when the mitral and tricuspid valves close
(SMT).
S2
The ___ heart sound (dub) occurs during diastole when the aortic and pulmonary (semilunar)
valves close (DAP).
S3
An ____ heart sound (lub-dub-DUB) is heard early in diastole during the period of rapid
ventricular filling, a ventricular gallop. Considered "physiologic" in children and adults up to
40 years but a sign of CHF in older adults.
S4
An ___ heart sound (LUB-lub-dub), an atrial gallop occurs late in diastole and is heard just
before S1 is generated during atrial contraction as blood forcefully enters a
noncompliant, hypertrophic ventricle--assoc'd with HTN and MI.
aortic
Name the point #1 for auscultation of the heart: _____.
