NR 602 MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What are the two types of primary prevention?
Health promotion and specific protection.
What does health promotion involve?
Lifestyle changes, nutrition, and maintenance of safe environments.
What is specific protection in the context of primary prevention?
Actions targeted at specific diseases, such as immunizations and environmental modifications.
What is secondary prevention?
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to interrupt the disease process.
What is the goal of tertiary care?
To improve survival and quality of life through specialized expertise and equipment.
What is quaternary care?
Highly specialized expertise and equipment for unusual or specialized conditions.
What are common barriers to vaccination?
Concerns about vaccine safety, misconceptions about vaccines causing autism, and poverty.
How can healthcare providers encourage parents to vaccinate their children?
By acknowledging the provider-parent relationship, listening to concerns, and educating about
vaccine safety.
What is a live vaccine?
An attenuated form of the virus that induces immunity without causing disease.
What are common side effects of the MMR vaccine?
Rash and high fever occurring 5-12 days after vaccination.
What is passive immunization?
Administering exogenous antibodies, such as immunoglobulin.
What is Palivizumab (Synagis) used for?
RSV prophylaxis in high-risk infants.
What are the criteria for RSV prophylaxis with Palivizumab?
,Infants born before 29 weeks gestation, children with chronic lung disease, and infants with
significant congenital heart disease.
What is a killed (inactivated) vaccine?
A vaccine that provides systemic protection but may not trigger local mucosal antibody
production.
What are common side effects of inactivated vaccines?
Mild to moderate fever, local swelling, pain, and erythema.
What is the recommended vaccination schedule for Tdap?
Given multiple times throughout life, including during pregnancy (27-36 weeks).
What is the recommended number of doses for the polio vaccine in the US?
4 doses of inactivated vaccine.
What is the significance of the DTaP vaccine?
It is given to children younger than 7 years to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
What is the common reaction to the meningococcal vaccine?
Headache and irritability.
What infections does the Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccine help prevent?
Pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, otitis media, purulent
pericarditis, and other infections in children under age 4.
How many doses of the Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine are recommended?
1-2 doses, lasting 14-20 years.
What is the dosing schedule for the Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine?
3 doses at ages 0, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months.
What age group is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommended for?
Ages 9-26.
What is the recommended age for the Meningococcal vaccine?
Ages 11 through 21, with a booster at age 16.
What is the purpose of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program?
To provide ACIP-recommended vaccines at no cost to eligible children under 19 years old.
What is the primary prevention strategy for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
, Placing infants on their backs to sleep.
What are common risk factors for lead poisoning?
Lead-based paint in homes built before 1972, contaminated water, and imported goods.
What is the recommended treatment for lead levels higher than 45 mcg/dl?
Chelation therapy.
What are the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning?
Abdominal pain, stomach ache, and constipation.
What should be done if a puncture wound is suspected to have a retained foreign object?
Obtain a plain film radiograph.
What is the first-line antibiotic for human bites?
Amoxicillin clavulanate for 7-10 days.
What is the first-line antibiotic for animal bites?
Amoxicillin clavulanate for 7-10 days.
What are the top causes of pediatric poisoning in children under 6 years old?
Cosmetics, personal care products, and cleaning substances.
What is the importance of safe sleeping recommendations for infants?
To reduce the risk of SIDS.
What should caregivers do to prevent childhood poisoning?
Store medications and harmful substances out of reach and in original containers.
What is the significance of herd immunity?
It protects those who are not immunized when enough individuals are immunized.
What are the vaccination recommendations at birth?
Hepatitis B vaccine.
What vaccines are given at 2 months of age?
Hep B, rotavirus, DTAP, HIB, PCV13, polio.
What vaccines are given at 12 months of age?
HIB, FLU, MMR, Varicella, Hep A.
What vaccines are administered at ages 4-6?
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
What are the two types of primary prevention?
Health promotion and specific protection.
What does health promotion involve?
Lifestyle changes, nutrition, and maintenance of safe environments.
What is specific protection in the context of primary prevention?
Actions targeted at specific diseases, such as immunizations and environmental modifications.
What is secondary prevention?
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to interrupt the disease process.
What is the goal of tertiary care?
To improve survival and quality of life through specialized expertise and equipment.
What is quaternary care?
Highly specialized expertise and equipment for unusual or specialized conditions.
What are common barriers to vaccination?
Concerns about vaccine safety, misconceptions about vaccines causing autism, and poverty.
How can healthcare providers encourage parents to vaccinate their children?
By acknowledging the provider-parent relationship, listening to concerns, and educating about
vaccine safety.
What is a live vaccine?
An attenuated form of the virus that induces immunity without causing disease.
What are common side effects of the MMR vaccine?
Rash and high fever occurring 5-12 days after vaccination.
What is passive immunization?
Administering exogenous antibodies, such as immunoglobulin.
What is Palivizumab (Synagis) used for?
RSV prophylaxis in high-risk infants.
What are the criteria for RSV prophylaxis with Palivizumab?
,Infants born before 29 weeks gestation, children with chronic lung disease, and infants with
significant congenital heart disease.
What is a killed (inactivated) vaccine?
A vaccine that provides systemic protection but may not trigger local mucosal antibody
production.
What are common side effects of inactivated vaccines?
Mild to moderate fever, local swelling, pain, and erythema.
What is the recommended vaccination schedule for Tdap?
Given multiple times throughout life, including during pregnancy (27-36 weeks).
What is the recommended number of doses for the polio vaccine in the US?
4 doses of inactivated vaccine.
What is the significance of the DTaP vaccine?
It is given to children younger than 7 years to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
What is the common reaction to the meningococcal vaccine?
Headache and irritability.
What infections does the Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccine help prevent?
Pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, otitis media, purulent
pericarditis, and other infections in children under age 4.
How many doses of the Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine are recommended?
1-2 doses, lasting 14-20 years.
What is the dosing schedule for the Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine?
3 doses at ages 0, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months.
What age group is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommended for?
Ages 9-26.
What is the recommended age for the Meningococcal vaccine?
Ages 11 through 21, with a booster at age 16.
What is the purpose of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program?
To provide ACIP-recommended vaccines at no cost to eligible children under 19 years old.
What is the primary prevention strategy for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
, Placing infants on their backs to sleep.
What are common risk factors for lead poisoning?
Lead-based paint in homes built before 1972, contaminated water, and imported goods.
What is the recommended treatment for lead levels higher than 45 mcg/dl?
Chelation therapy.
What are the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning?
Abdominal pain, stomach ache, and constipation.
What should be done if a puncture wound is suspected to have a retained foreign object?
Obtain a plain film radiograph.
What is the first-line antibiotic for human bites?
Amoxicillin clavulanate for 7-10 days.
What is the first-line antibiotic for animal bites?
Amoxicillin clavulanate for 7-10 days.
What are the top causes of pediatric poisoning in children under 6 years old?
Cosmetics, personal care products, and cleaning substances.
What is the importance of safe sleeping recommendations for infants?
To reduce the risk of SIDS.
What should caregivers do to prevent childhood poisoning?
Store medications and harmful substances out of reach and in original containers.
What is the significance of herd immunity?
It protects those who are not immunized when enough individuals are immunized.
What are the vaccination recommendations at birth?
Hepatitis B vaccine.
What vaccines are given at 2 months of age?
Hep B, rotavirus, DTAP, HIB, PCV13, polio.
What vaccines are given at 12 months of age?
HIB, FLU, MMR, Varicella, Hep A.
What vaccines are administered at ages 4-6?
