PN1004 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
How does income and social status affect health?
It influences most other determinants; low-income Canadians are more likely to die early and
suffer from chronic health problems.
What impact does social support have on health?
It affects health behaviors and healthcare utilization through practical, emotional, informational,
and affirmational support.
How does education and literacy influence health status?
They affect many other health determinants, including job opportunities and personal health
practices.
What are the effects of employment and working conditions on health?
They significantly affect physical, mental, and social health, with unemployment linked to
deprivation and health problems.
What factors are included in physical environments as determinants of health?
Housing, food security, community planning, geography, environmental quality, and climate
change.
How does biological and genetic endowment influence health?
Heredity is influenced by social and physical environments, impacting the expression of genes
and chronic disease development.
What role do individual health practices and coping skills play in health?
Effective coping skills can prevent risky behaviors; major risk behaviors include physical
inactivity, poor nutrition, and tobacco use.
What is toxic stress and its impact on child development?
Excessive activation of stress response systems can negatively affect brain development and is
linked to health determinants.
What are the three levels of prevention in health care?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
What is the significance of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in nursing
practice?
,Nurses must respond to the Calls to Action to address historical injustices faced by Indigenous
peoples.
What is cultural safety in the context of Indigenous health?
It involves understanding and respecting Indigenous cultures to provide effective health care.
What health disparities exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada?
Indigenous populations often experience higher rates of poverty, chronic diseases, and lower
health outcomes.
How does food insecurity relate to health?
It is associated with multiple chronic conditions, distress, and depression.
What are the health impacts of homelessness?
Homeless populations are at greater risk for mental illness, substance abuse, chronic conditions,
and early death.
What are the consequences of physical inactivity?
It is a major risk factor for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues.
How does poor nutrition affect health?
Overconsumption of fats, sugars, and salt is linked to various diseases and functional limitations.
What is the leading preventable cause of death in Canada?
Tobacco use.
What is the role of social support networks in health?
They provide practical aid and emotional support, assisting individuals in coping and making
behavioral changes.
What is the relationship between education and health outcomes?
Higher education levels lead to better job opportunities and income security, which positively
influence health.
What is the impact of working conditions on health?
Healthy workplaces promote job security, safe conditions, and work-life balance, while poor
conditions can pose health hazards.
How does the social environment affect genetic expression?
It provides context and stimulus for the variable expression of inherited genes.
What are the implications of chronic diseases in older adults?
, Many develop chronic diseases, but healthy aging can reduce disability.
What environmental stressors can affect maternal and childhood health?
Poverty, violence, conflict, neglect, and food insecurity.
How do schools contribute to child development?
By providing a secure, respectful, challenging, and caring environment that supports academic
success.
What types of health services are important for overall health?
Quality and accessible primary care, hospital care, long-term care, home care, and public health
services.
What does Medicare not cover?
Drug costs and dental care.
How does home care coverage vary in Canada?
It varies across provinces, leading to inequitable access.
Define gender in the context of health.
The array of society-determined roles, traits, attitudes, and behaviors ascribed to the two sexes.
Why is it important to consider both men's and women's experiences in health?
Many health issues are influenced by gender-based social roles, affecting health status and
behaviors.
What are some sex-specific health concerns influenced by gender?
Pregnancy, prostate cancer, and cardiovascular symptoms.
How do cultural factors influence health care interactions?
They affect participation in health programs, access to information, lifestyle choices, and
understanding of health.
What challenges do immigrants and refugees face regarding health?
Unmet expectations, social integration challenges, underemployment, low income, and food
insecurity.
What are racial disparities in health attributed to?
Bias, discrimination, and stereotyping in health care delivery.
Define racism in the context of health.
An ideology asserting that one group is inherently superior to others.
VERIFIED ANSWERS
How does income and social status affect health?
It influences most other determinants; low-income Canadians are more likely to die early and
suffer from chronic health problems.
What impact does social support have on health?
It affects health behaviors and healthcare utilization through practical, emotional, informational,
and affirmational support.
How does education and literacy influence health status?
They affect many other health determinants, including job opportunities and personal health
practices.
What are the effects of employment and working conditions on health?
They significantly affect physical, mental, and social health, with unemployment linked to
deprivation and health problems.
What factors are included in physical environments as determinants of health?
Housing, food security, community planning, geography, environmental quality, and climate
change.
How does biological and genetic endowment influence health?
Heredity is influenced by social and physical environments, impacting the expression of genes
and chronic disease development.
What role do individual health practices and coping skills play in health?
Effective coping skills can prevent risky behaviors; major risk behaviors include physical
inactivity, poor nutrition, and tobacco use.
What is toxic stress and its impact on child development?
Excessive activation of stress response systems can negatively affect brain development and is
linked to health determinants.
What are the three levels of prevention in health care?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
What is the significance of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in nursing
practice?
,Nurses must respond to the Calls to Action to address historical injustices faced by Indigenous
peoples.
What is cultural safety in the context of Indigenous health?
It involves understanding and respecting Indigenous cultures to provide effective health care.
What health disparities exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada?
Indigenous populations often experience higher rates of poverty, chronic diseases, and lower
health outcomes.
How does food insecurity relate to health?
It is associated with multiple chronic conditions, distress, and depression.
What are the health impacts of homelessness?
Homeless populations are at greater risk for mental illness, substance abuse, chronic conditions,
and early death.
What are the consequences of physical inactivity?
It is a major risk factor for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues.
How does poor nutrition affect health?
Overconsumption of fats, sugars, and salt is linked to various diseases and functional limitations.
What is the leading preventable cause of death in Canada?
Tobacco use.
What is the role of social support networks in health?
They provide practical aid and emotional support, assisting individuals in coping and making
behavioral changes.
What is the relationship between education and health outcomes?
Higher education levels lead to better job opportunities and income security, which positively
influence health.
What is the impact of working conditions on health?
Healthy workplaces promote job security, safe conditions, and work-life balance, while poor
conditions can pose health hazards.
How does the social environment affect genetic expression?
It provides context and stimulus for the variable expression of inherited genes.
What are the implications of chronic diseases in older adults?
, Many develop chronic diseases, but healthy aging can reduce disability.
What environmental stressors can affect maternal and childhood health?
Poverty, violence, conflict, neglect, and food insecurity.
How do schools contribute to child development?
By providing a secure, respectful, challenging, and caring environment that supports academic
success.
What types of health services are important for overall health?
Quality and accessible primary care, hospital care, long-term care, home care, and public health
services.
What does Medicare not cover?
Drug costs and dental care.
How does home care coverage vary in Canada?
It varies across provinces, leading to inequitable access.
Define gender in the context of health.
The array of society-determined roles, traits, attitudes, and behaviors ascribed to the two sexes.
Why is it important to consider both men's and women's experiences in health?
Many health issues are influenced by gender-based social roles, affecting health status and
behaviors.
What are some sex-specific health concerns influenced by gender?
Pregnancy, prostate cancer, and cardiovascular symptoms.
How do cultural factors influence health care interactions?
They affect participation in health programs, access to information, lifestyle choices, and
understanding of health.
What challenges do immigrants and refugees face regarding health?
Unmet expectations, social integration challenges, underemployment, low income, and food
insecurity.
What are racial disparities in health attributed to?
Bias, discrimination, and stereotyping in health care delivery.
Define racism in the context of health.
An ideology asserting that one group is inherently superior to others.
