PN1004 FINAL EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is epidemiology?
The study of the distribution, frequency, and determinants of health events in populations to
control health problems.
Difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence = new cases in a given time; Prevalence = all cases (new and existing) at a given time.
What is morbidity vs mortality?
Morbidity = illness/disease burden; Mortality = deaths due to disease.
What are the goals of epidemiology in nursing practice?
Identify at-risk populations, plan health promotion, evaluate interventions, support policy.
What does the Ottawa Charter outline?
5 action areas: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen
community action, develop personal skills, reorient health services.
What are the five principles of the Canada Health Act?
Public administration, Comprehensiveness, Universality, Portability, Accessibility.
Who administers health services in Canada?
Provinces/territories administer; federal government sets national standards and provides
funding.
Why is it important to know the Canada Health Act?
It governs insured health services in Canada, guiding nursing practice and equity in access.
What role do LPNs play according to BCCNM?
Provide care within scope, uphold professional standards, ensure safe, ethical, competent
practice.
Example of a barrier to healthcare access in Canada?
Rural distance, provider shortages, long wait times, cultural/linguistic barriers.
What are the three domains of learning?
Cognitive (knowledge), Affective (attitudes), Psychomotor (skills).
What is health literacy?
, The ability to access, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions.
What learner characteristics should nurses consider?
Age, literacy, culture, motivation, readiness, preferred learning style.
What is the teach-back method?
Asking patients to explain information back in their own words to confirm understanding.
How do nurses evaluate teaching effectiveness?
Return demonstration, knowledge tests, patient self-report, clinical outcomes.
What is primary prevention?
Actions to prevent disease onset (e.g., immunization, health education).
What is secondary prevention?
Early detection/screening to limit disease progression (e.g., mammogram, BP check).
What is tertiary prevention?
Managing established disease to prevent complications (e.g., rehab, chronic disease
management).
Give one example of disease prevention vs health promotion.
Prevention: Pap test for cervical cancer; Promotion: encouraging physical activity.
What is quaternary prevention?
Avoiding harm from over-medicalization and unnecessary interventions.
What are the key determinants of health in Canada?
Income, education, employment, social supports, culture, environment, housing, food security,
access to healthcare.
What is the difference between equity and equality?
Equality = same resources for all; Equity = resources distributed based on need for fairness.
How does housing impact health?
Poor housing increased respiratory illness, injury, stress, reduced mental health.
How does food insecurity affect health?
Leads to malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, poor pregnancy outcomes, stress.
What are proximal vs distal determinants?
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is epidemiology?
The study of the distribution, frequency, and determinants of health events in populations to
control health problems.
Difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence = new cases in a given time; Prevalence = all cases (new and existing) at a given time.
What is morbidity vs mortality?
Morbidity = illness/disease burden; Mortality = deaths due to disease.
What are the goals of epidemiology in nursing practice?
Identify at-risk populations, plan health promotion, evaluate interventions, support policy.
What does the Ottawa Charter outline?
5 action areas: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen
community action, develop personal skills, reorient health services.
What are the five principles of the Canada Health Act?
Public administration, Comprehensiveness, Universality, Portability, Accessibility.
Who administers health services in Canada?
Provinces/territories administer; federal government sets national standards and provides
funding.
Why is it important to know the Canada Health Act?
It governs insured health services in Canada, guiding nursing practice and equity in access.
What role do LPNs play according to BCCNM?
Provide care within scope, uphold professional standards, ensure safe, ethical, competent
practice.
Example of a barrier to healthcare access in Canada?
Rural distance, provider shortages, long wait times, cultural/linguistic barriers.
What are the three domains of learning?
Cognitive (knowledge), Affective (attitudes), Psychomotor (skills).
What is health literacy?
, The ability to access, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions.
What learner characteristics should nurses consider?
Age, literacy, culture, motivation, readiness, preferred learning style.
What is the teach-back method?
Asking patients to explain information back in their own words to confirm understanding.
How do nurses evaluate teaching effectiveness?
Return demonstration, knowledge tests, patient self-report, clinical outcomes.
What is primary prevention?
Actions to prevent disease onset (e.g., immunization, health education).
What is secondary prevention?
Early detection/screening to limit disease progression (e.g., mammogram, BP check).
What is tertiary prevention?
Managing established disease to prevent complications (e.g., rehab, chronic disease
management).
Give one example of disease prevention vs health promotion.
Prevention: Pap test for cervical cancer; Promotion: encouraging physical activity.
What is quaternary prevention?
Avoiding harm from over-medicalization and unnecessary interventions.
What are the key determinants of health in Canada?
Income, education, employment, social supports, culture, environment, housing, food security,
access to healthcare.
What is the difference between equity and equality?
Equality = same resources for all; Equity = resources distributed based on need for fairness.
How does housing impact health?
Poor housing increased respiratory illness, injury, stress, reduced mental health.
How does food insecurity affect health?
Leads to malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, poor pregnancy outcomes, stress.
What are proximal vs distal determinants?
