CARDIOVASCULAR PUMP ACTIVITY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
When are the atrioventricular valves open?
when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure; diastole
When are the atrioventricular valves closed?
when atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure; systole
When is the aortic valve open?
When the pressure in the left ventricle is greater than the aorta; systole
When is the aortic valve closed?
when the pressure in the left ventricle is less than the aorta; diastole
Why is the pressure higher in the left side of the heart?
because it's responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body, requiring a much
stronger muscle and higher force to overcome systemic resistance
What is one cardiac cycle?
one complete heartbeat, defined as one systole and one diastole
When does diastole start?
When the ventricular pressures become lower than the atrial pressures, such that the AV
valves open
What is the first third of diastole?
the rapid filling of the ventricle with the blood that has accumulated in the atria
What is the middle third of diastole?
the filling of the ventricle with the blood from venous return
What is the final third of diastole?
the filling of the ventricle with blood from atrial contraction
When does systole start?
when the ventricles contract and the ventricular pressure almost immediately causes the AV
valves to close
What is an isovolumetric contraction?
, When both the semilunar and atrioventricular valves are closed due to the pressure in the
aorta briefly being greater than in the ventricle
What causes an isovolumetric contraction?
When the ventricles contract against a fixed volume while all valves are closed
When does the aortic valve open?
when ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure
What is isovolumetric relaxation?
A brief period in early diastole/late systole when all valves are closed
What is phase 1 of the cardiac cycle?
passive ventricular filling
What is passive ventricular filling?
1. The atria, full of blood, begins rapidly and passively filling the ventricles with blood
2. This occurs as a result of high atrial pressure, low ventricular pressure, and open AV valves
3. The semilunar valves are closed
4. Majority of the ventricular filling occurs in this phase
What is phase 2 of the cardiac cycle?
atrial contraction
What is atrial contraction?
1. The atria pumps the remaining blood into the ventricles
2. The "P Wave" occurs as the atria depolarizes
3. The End Diastolic Volume (EDV) is established
4. At the end of atrial contraction, ventricular volume is maximized but pressure is still
extremely low
What is the P-Wave?
atrial depolarization
What is EDV?
amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole
What is phase 3 of the cardiac cycle?
isovolumetric contraction
What is isovolumetric contraction?
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
When are the atrioventricular valves open?
when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure; diastole
When are the atrioventricular valves closed?
when atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure; systole
When is the aortic valve open?
When the pressure in the left ventricle is greater than the aorta; systole
When is the aortic valve closed?
when the pressure in the left ventricle is less than the aorta; diastole
Why is the pressure higher in the left side of the heart?
because it's responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body, requiring a much
stronger muscle and higher force to overcome systemic resistance
What is one cardiac cycle?
one complete heartbeat, defined as one systole and one diastole
When does diastole start?
When the ventricular pressures become lower than the atrial pressures, such that the AV
valves open
What is the first third of diastole?
the rapid filling of the ventricle with the blood that has accumulated in the atria
What is the middle third of diastole?
the filling of the ventricle with the blood from venous return
What is the final third of diastole?
the filling of the ventricle with blood from atrial contraction
When does systole start?
when the ventricles contract and the ventricular pressure almost immediately causes the AV
valves to close
What is an isovolumetric contraction?
, When both the semilunar and atrioventricular valves are closed due to the pressure in the
aorta briefly being greater than in the ventricle
What causes an isovolumetric contraction?
When the ventricles contract against a fixed volume while all valves are closed
When does the aortic valve open?
when ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure
What is isovolumetric relaxation?
A brief period in early diastole/late systole when all valves are closed
What is phase 1 of the cardiac cycle?
passive ventricular filling
What is passive ventricular filling?
1. The atria, full of blood, begins rapidly and passively filling the ventricles with blood
2. This occurs as a result of high atrial pressure, low ventricular pressure, and open AV valves
3. The semilunar valves are closed
4. Majority of the ventricular filling occurs in this phase
What is phase 2 of the cardiac cycle?
atrial contraction
What is atrial contraction?
1. The atria pumps the remaining blood into the ventricles
2. The "P Wave" occurs as the atria depolarizes
3. The End Diastolic Volume (EDV) is established
4. At the end of atrial contraction, ventricular volume is maximized but pressure is still
extremely low
What is the P-Wave?
atrial depolarization
What is EDV?
amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole
What is phase 3 of the cardiac cycle?
isovolumetric contraction
What is isovolumetric contraction?
