Patho 370/Patho370 Final Exam | Actual
Questions and Answers Latest Updated
(Graded A+)- WCU
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute
pancreatitis related to potential for a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - Answer- c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) a.
Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - Answer- a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? a.
Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - Answer- c. Early detection
Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically,
which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two
principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in
a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's
knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not
selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo
which type of cellular adaptation? a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
,c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - Answer- c. Hypertrophy
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select
all that apply.) a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - Answer- b. Hesitancy
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.) a.
Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - Answer- a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular
rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - Answer- b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied
by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
- Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in
the QRS complex.
- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min
and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
,c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - Answer- d. Stroke volume and heart rate
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? a.
It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - Answer- d. The
majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is
called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - Answer- b. Physiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? a.
It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - Answer- d. It is the
most common genetic disease in the United States.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
e. Granulocytes - Answer- b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
, e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - Answer- a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. b. Malignant tumors have
the potential to kill the host.
The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select
all that apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - Answer- a. Amyloid plaques
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients
and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function
and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist
into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is
associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a
localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with
Alzheimer disease; serotonin abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? a.
It is not seen in children.
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia.
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. - Answer- d. Affected persons
carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in children
and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the
US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
a. Anemia
b. Polycythemia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Granulocytopenia - Answer- b. Polycythemia
Questions and Answers Latest Updated
(Graded A+)- WCU
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute
pancreatitis related to potential for a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction. - Answer- c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation would the nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.) a.
Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema - Answer- a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? a.
Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents - Answer- c. Early detection
Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best
prognosis for a cure. The majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically,
which can be curative in some localized cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two
principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable because they are located in
a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the surgeon's
knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not
selective for tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo
which type of cellular adaptation? a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
,c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia - Answer- c. Hypertrophy
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select
all that apply.) a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying - Answer- b. Hesitancy
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.) a.
Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints - Answer- a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular
rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is
seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS
configuration - Answer- b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied
by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves
accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate.
- Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in
the QRS complex.
- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min
and a characteristic saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur
earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
,c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate - Answer- d. Stroke volume and heart rate
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis? a.
It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor. - Answer- d. The
majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is
called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology - Answer- b. Physiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis? a.
It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
d. It is the most common genetic disease in the United States. - Answer- d. It is the
most common genetic disease in the United States.
Which cell is from myeloid lineage? (Select all that apply.)
a. B cells
b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
d. Natural killer cells
e. Granulocytes - Answer- b. Platelets
c. Monocytes
e. Granulocytes
- Platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes are from myeloid lineage
- B cells and natural killer cells are lymphoid
Which statement is true regarding cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer.
b. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
c. Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones.
d. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
, e. Metastasis means less differentiated cells. - Answer- a. The greater the
undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. b. Malignant tumors have
the potential to kill the host.
The greater the degree of anaplasia, the more aggressive the malignant tumor.
Malignant tumors, if left untreated, have the potential to kill.
Benign tumors often grow slowly than malignant ones.
Anaplasia is a lack of cell differentiation.
Metastasis means the invasion of cancer to distant sites.
Which is a pathophysiologic change that is consistent with Alzheimer disease? (Select
all that apply)
a. Amyloid plaques
b. Epileptogenic focus
c. Focal cerebral infarct
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Abnormal serotonin system - Answer- a. Amyloid plaques
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles occur in the brains of Alzheimer patients
and are found at autopsy. Neural thread proteins (tau protein) have a normal function
and stabilize microtubules. In Alzheimer disease, they are chemically altered and twist
into paired helical filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles. Epileptogenic focus is
associated with seizure disorder. Focal cerebral infarct is a stroke occurring in a
localized area of the brain. Abnormalities in the cholinergic system are associated with
Alzheimer disease; serotonin abnormalities are found in depression.
Which statement regarding chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a true statement? a.
It is not seen in children.
b. It represents 30% of all cases of leukemia.
c. The average age of onset is older than 70 years.
d. Affected persons carry the Philadelphia chromosome. - Answer- d. Affected persons
carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
Philadelphia chromosome occurs in this leukemia. CML occurs occasionally in children
and adolescents. CML represents approximately 15% of all cases of leukemia in the
US. The average age of onset is between 40-50 years.
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
a. Anemia
b. Polycythemia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Granulocytopenia - Answer- b. Polycythemia
