Previous Exam Questions BIOD 101 Latest
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1
,What is matter? ANSWER >> Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and
has mass
The foundational building blocks of proteins are the organic compounds ____, which are
held together by ____ bonds ANSWER >> amino acids; peptide
A _____ is the substance being dissolved into another substance, while the ___ is the
substance into which another substance is being dissolved ANSWER >> solute; solvent
Why are lipids insoluble in water? ANSWER >> They are made mostly of non-polar
hydrocarbon chains. As water is polar, it will only dissolve other polar or ionically
bonded substances. Lipids are non-polar, and this is why they are insoluble in water but
can be dissolved with nonpolar solvents like alcohol
What type of ion carries a negative charge? ANSWER >> anion
Which organelle of the cell contains the genetic content of the cell and serves as the
control center? ANSWER >> nucleus
What type of transport requires energy to move substances through the cell membrane?
Provide an example of this type of transport ANSWER >> Active transport; the sodium-
potassium pump is an active form of transport used to move sodium ions out of (and
potassium ions into) the cell
True or False: Biomacromolecules are said to be monomers because they contain
many polymers ANSWER >> False; biomacromolecules are said to be polymers
because they contain many monomers
What type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap arounf the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking? ANSWER >> tight junctions
2
,Nucleic acids are polymers built from monomers called ____ ANSWER >> nucleotides
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning eukaryotic cells?
- eukaryotic cells are typically smaller than prokaryotic cells
- eukaryotic cells do not contain internal membrane-bound organelles
- eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane
- eukaryotic cells are less complex than prokaryotic cells ANSWER >> eukaryotic cells
possess a nuclear membrane
True or False: trace elements are required only in small quantities ANSWER >> true
As part of the cytoskeleton, what role do microtubules serve? ANSWER >>
microtubules influence cell shape, form spindles for chromosome separation during
mitosis, can be arranged in specific geometric conformations that are used for cellular
locomotion, and they serve as "roads" for organelles to travel (by way of motor proteins)
The _____ group of a phoshpholipid is hydrophobic, whereas the ____ group is
hydrophilic ANSWER >> tail; head
Carrier mediated transport occurs when a ____ spans the membrane, creating a tunnel
like structure that allows specific molecules to pass through via diffusion ANSWER >>
channel protein
What occurs in a dehydration reaction? ANSWER >> a water molecule is lost from the
reactant side of the chemical equation
What type of passive transport relies on the tendency of solutes to move from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration? ANSWER >> simple diffusion
3
, What are the THREE defining characteristics of prokaryotic cells? ANSWER >> 1) small
in size 2) lack organelles 3) non-enclosed genetic material
True or False: The two major components embedded in a cell membrane are nucleic
acids and lipids ANSWER >> False: a membrane has embedded within it two
components: phoshpholipids and proteins
Which of the following bonds generally exists between two non-metals? ANSWER >>
covalent
True or False: the electrical potential of ions across the cell membrane is an important
element for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, mitochondrial metabolism, and
hormone secretion ANSWER >> true
List THREE functions of proteins ANSWER >> 1) can form antibodies for immune
system responses 2) act as carriers to transport molecules across cell membrane
3) act as enzymes to regulate metabolic reactions
______ are simple sugar carbohydrates made up of a single monomer, and _____ are
complex sugars, such as glycogen ANSWER >> monosaccharides; polysaccharides
Explain what happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution ANSWER >> the
cell will neither shrink nor swell because the solute concentration inside the cell equals
the solute concentration outside the cell
which of the following nitrogenous bases can be found in RNA? ANSWER >> cytosine,
adenine, uracil, guanine
Individual living members of a population best describes an ANSWER >> organism
each of the following are true regarding eukaryotes except:
4
Complete Comprehensive Study Guide with
Correctly Analyzed 100% Verified Solutions
Already Graded A+ 2026
1
,What is matter? ANSWER >> Anything that takes up space, by having a volume, and
has mass
The foundational building blocks of proteins are the organic compounds ____, which are
held together by ____ bonds ANSWER >> amino acids; peptide
A _____ is the substance being dissolved into another substance, while the ___ is the
substance into which another substance is being dissolved ANSWER >> solute; solvent
Why are lipids insoluble in water? ANSWER >> They are made mostly of non-polar
hydrocarbon chains. As water is polar, it will only dissolve other polar or ionically
bonded substances. Lipids are non-polar, and this is why they are insoluble in water but
can be dissolved with nonpolar solvents like alcohol
What type of ion carries a negative charge? ANSWER >> anion
Which organelle of the cell contains the genetic content of the cell and serves as the
control center? ANSWER >> nucleus
What type of transport requires energy to move substances through the cell membrane?
Provide an example of this type of transport ANSWER >> Active transport; the sodium-
potassium pump is an active form of transport used to move sodium ions out of (and
potassium ions into) the cell
True or False: Biomacromolecules are said to be monomers because they contain
many polymers ANSWER >> False; biomacromolecules are said to be polymers
because they contain many monomers
What type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap arounf the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking? ANSWER >> tight junctions
2
,Nucleic acids are polymers built from monomers called ____ ANSWER >> nucleotides
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning eukaryotic cells?
- eukaryotic cells are typically smaller than prokaryotic cells
- eukaryotic cells do not contain internal membrane-bound organelles
- eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane
- eukaryotic cells are less complex than prokaryotic cells ANSWER >> eukaryotic cells
possess a nuclear membrane
True or False: trace elements are required only in small quantities ANSWER >> true
As part of the cytoskeleton, what role do microtubules serve? ANSWER >>
microtubules influence cell shape, form spindles for chromosome separation during
mitosis, can be arranged in specific geometric conformations that are used for cellular
locomotion, and they serve as "roads" for organelles to travel (by way of motor proteins)
The _____ group of a phoshpholipid is hydrophobic, whereas the ____ group is
hydrophilic ANSWER >> tail; head
Carrier mediated transport occurs when a ____ spans the membrane, creating a tunnel
like structure that allows specific molecules to pass through via diffusion ANSWER >>
channel protein
What occurs in a dehydration reaction? ANSWER >> a water molecule is lost from the
reactant side of the chemical equation
What type of passive transport relies on the tendency of solutes to move from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration? ANSWER >> simple diffusion
3
, What are the THREE defining characteristics of prokaryotic cells? ANSWER >> 1) small
in size 2) lack organelles 3) non-enclosed genetic material
True or False: The two major components embedded in a cell membrane are nucleic
acids and lipids ANSWER >> False: a membrane has embedded within it two
components: phoshpholipids and proteins
Which of the following bonds generally exists between two non-metals? ANSWER >>
covalent
True or False: the electrical potential of ions across the cell membrane is an important
element for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, mitochondrial metabolism, and
hormone secretion ANSWER >> true
List THREE functions of proteins ANSWER >> 1) can form antibodies for immune
system responses 2) act as carriers to transport molecules across cell membrane
3) act as enzymes to regulate metabolic reactions
______ are simple sugar carbohydrates made up of a single monomer, and _____ are
complex sugars, such as glycogen ANSWER >> monosaccharides; polysaccharides
Explain what happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution ANSWER >> the
cell will neither shrink nor swell because the solute concentration inside the cell equals
the solute concentration outside the cell
which of the following nitrogenous bases can be found in RNA? ANSWER >> cytosine,
adenine, uracil, guanine
Individual living members of a population best describes an ANSWER >> organism
each of the following are true regarding eukaryotes except:
4
