BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION GUIDE
LATEST CAREFULLY STRUCTURED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
1
,a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? ANSWER >> a. sugar, phosphate group,
nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? ANSWER >> 1. DNA contains
deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? ANSWER >> The uprights are
the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
2
,Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. ANSWER >>
During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining
building block monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in
humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible
fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
3
, Triglyceride ANSWER >> Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down
produces twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid ANSWER >> Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin ANSWER >> Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
DNA ANSWER >> Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
RNA ANSWER >> Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
4
LATEST CAREFULLY STRUCTURED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
1
,a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? ANSWER >> a. sugar, phosphate group,
nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? ANSWER >> 1. DNA contains
deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? ANSWER >> The uprights are
the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
2
,Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. ANSWER >>
During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining
building block monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in
humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose ANSWER >> Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible
fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
3
, Triglyceride ANSWER >> Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down
produces twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid ANSWER >> Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin ANSWER >> Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
DNA ANSWER >> Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
RNA ANSWER >> Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
4
