412 PATHO EXAM 3 PRACTICE WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS KEYS AND
SUCCESS RATE 2026
A client who has just been diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis tells the nurse that he has heard of the
disease but he does not know anything about it. What would be the nurse's best response? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mitral valve stenosis is a defect of the mitral valve which causes obstruction of blood flow
Anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of systemic allergic reaction. Immunologically medicated
substances are released into the blood, causing vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability.
What physiologic response often follows the vascular response in anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Laryngeal edema
R: The vascular response in anaphylaxis is often accompanied by life-threatening laryngeal edema and
bronchospasm, circulatory collapse, contraction of gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscle, and
urticaria (hives) or angioedema.
A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to
assess the client for: - CORRECT ANSWER-A major symptom of a dissecting aneurysm is the abrupt
presence of excruciating pain, described as tearing or ripping. Pain associated with dissection of the
ascending aorta frequently is located in the anterior chest, and pain associated with dissection of the
descending aorta often is located in the back.
The nurse knows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mechanism in
blood pressure control. Which physiologic events will activate this system? Select all that apply. -
CORRECT ANSWER--Adrenergic (sympathetic) stimulation
-Decreased blood sodium
-Fall in blood pressure
-Decreased blood volume
An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest
concern for an older adult taking this class of drug? - CORRECT ANSWER-Particular caution should be
used in people who are at risk for orthostatic hypotension (e.g., those with diabetes, autonomic nervous
system dysfunction, and older adults).
, The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets
of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin? -
CORRECT ANSWER-beta cells that secrete insulin and amylin
A 23-year-old man is admitted to the hospital. He is experiencing polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia.
He states that the condition has come on very suddenly. This client is likely to require what treatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Exogenous insulin injections
A client with diabetes carries insulin with him at all times. At 11:35, he obtains a blood glucose reading
of 218 mg/dL (12.1 mmol/L) and self-administers a dose of insulin in anticipation of eating lunch at
noon. What type of insulin did he most likely inject? - CORRECT ANSWER-Short-acting (regular) insulin is
used to facilitate metabolism of the food that is being eaten.
A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension.
What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Will
prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angina - CORRECT ANSWER-chest pain,
reduced blood flow to the heart. Signs are the typical displays of cardiac distress: jaw chest, neck or back
pain
cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one
minute.
stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER-pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
VERIFIED ANSWERS KEYS AND
SUCCESS RATE 2026
A client who has just been diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis tells the nurse that he has heard of the
disease but he does not know anything about it. What would be the nurse's best response? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mitral valve stenosis is a defect of the mitral valve which causes obstruction of blood flow
Anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of systemic allergic reaction. Immunologically medicated
substances are released into the blood, causing vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability.
What physiologic response often follows the vascular response in anaphylaxis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Laryngeal edema
R: The vascular response in anaphylaxis is often accompanied by life-threatening laryngeal edema and
bronchospasm, circulatory collapse, contraction of gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscle, and
urticaria (hives) or angioedema.
A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to
assess the client for: - CORRECT ANSWER-A major symptom of a dissecting aneurysm is the abrupt
presence of excruciating pain, described as tearing or ripping. Pain associated with dissection of the
ascending aorta frequently is located in the anterior chest, and pain associated with dissection of the
descending aorta often is located in the back.
The nurse knows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mechanism in
blood pressure control. Which physiologic events will activate this system? Select all that apply. -
CORRECT ANSWER--Adrenergic (sympathetic) stimulation
-Decreased blood sodium
-Fall in blood pressure
-Decreased blood volume
An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest
concern for an older adult taking this class of drug? - CORRECT ANSWER-Particular caution should be
used in people who are at risk for orthostatic hypotension (e.g., those with diabetes, autonomic nervous
system dysfunction, and older adults).
, The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets
of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin? -
CORRECT ANSWER-beta cells that secrete insulin and amylin
A 23-year-old man is admitted to the hospital. He is experiencing polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia.
He states that the condition has come on very suddenly. This client is likely to require what treatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Exogenous insulin injections
A client with diabetes carries insulin with him at all times. At 11:35, he obtains a blood glucose reading
of 218 mg/dL (12.1 mmol/L) and self-administers a dose of insulin in anticipation of eating lunch at
noon. What type of insulin did he most likely inject? - CORRECT ANSWER-Short-acting (regular) insulin is
used to facilitate metabolism of the food that is being eaten.
A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension.
What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Will
prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angina - CORRECT ANSWER-chest pain,
reduced blood flow to the heart. Signs are the typical displays of cardiac distress: jaw chest, neck or back
pain
cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER-The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one
minute.
stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER-pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
