SED2601 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A + PASS WITH SIMPLIFIED
RATIONALES | 100 % GUARANTEED |2025 -
2026
Which of the following best describes the ecology of a healthy school?
A. Strict discipline and high examination results only
B. Good leadership, adequate resources, and well-maintained physical facilities
C. Minimal parental involvement
D. Exclusive focus on academic competition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A healthy school ecology includes effective leadership, sufficient resources, and
properly maintained facilities. These elements create a supportive environment for teaching
and learning. The other options focus too narrowly on discipline or academics and ignore
the broader environmental and structural factors required for a healthy school.
Within Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, what does the macro-system refer
to?
A. Immediate relationships between teachers and learners
B. The broader cultural patterns shaping micro-, meso-, and exosystems
C. Peer group influence only
D. Family dynamics within the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The macro-system refers to the overarching cultural values, laws, customs, and
belief systems that shape the lower systems (micro-, meso-, and exosystems). It represents
the broader societal context, not just immediate relationships or family interactions.
In symbolic interactionism, what is meant by the teacher expectancy effect?
,A. Teachers expect all learners to perform equally
B. A teacher’s expectations can positively or negatively influence a learner’s performance
C. Learners ignore teacher expectations
D. Expectations are determined only by school policy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The teacher expectancy effect occurs when a teacher’s beliefs about a learner
influence how they treat that learner, which in turn affects the learner’s academic
performance. Positive expectations can enhance achievement, while negative expectations
may hinder it.
Which of the following best captures the idea of citizenship?
A. Only a legal passport
B. Only voting in elections
C. Legal status, cosmopolitan ideals, and active participation
D. Paying taxes only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Citizenship includes legal status, a sense of belonging, cosmopolitan values, and
active participation in society. It is not limited to legal recognition or a single civic duty.
A cosmopolitan view of citizenship education aims to prepare learners to:
A. Focus only on national issues
B. Act locally but think globally
C. Avoid global concerns
D. Prioritize economic success only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cosmopolitan perspective encourages learners to engage actively in their local
communities while being aware of and responsive to global issues.
Which of the following were components of apartheid citizenship in South Africa?
A. Equal rights for all racial groups
B. Racial classification, denial of rights for Black people, and the homeland system
C. Universal suffrage
D. Inclusive democracy
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under apartheid, South Africans were classified by race, Black citizens were
denied full civil and political rights, and the homeland system was established to segregate
populations. The other options describe democratic principles rather than apartheid
policies.
Citizenship education in the United Kingdom is best described as:
A. An optional after-school activity
B. A compulsory subject including community involvement and political literacy
C. Focused only on history
D. Limited to voting education
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Citizenship education became compulsory in the English National Curriculum in
1999 and includes political literacy and community participation. It is broader than just
voting or historical study.
Social stratification refers to:
A. Equal distribution of wealth
B. Categorising people into ranked social layers
C. Eliminating class differences
D. Individual personality differences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social stratification is the process of ranking individuals or groups within society,
often based on wealth, power, or status. It highlights inequality rather than equality.
Gender is best described as:
A. Biological differences only
B. A social process of developing masculine and feminine traits
C. Genetic inheritance only
D. Fixed and unchangeable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sociologists view gender as socially constructed through cultural expectations
and socialisation, rather than purely biological differences.
GRADED A + PASS WITH SIMPLIFIED
RATIONALES | 100 % GUARANTEED |2025 -
2026
Which of the following best describes the ecology of a healthy school?
A. Strict discipline and high examination results only
B. Good leadership, adequate resources, and well-maintained physical facilities
C. Minimal parental involvement
D. Exclusive focus on academic competition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A healthy school ecology includes effective leadership, sufficient resources, and
properly maintained facilities. These elements create a supportive environment for teaching
and learning. The other options focus too narrowly on discipline or academics and ignore
the broader environmental and structural factors required for a healthy school.
Within Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, what does the macro-system refer
to?
A. Immediate relationships between teachers and learners
B. The broader cultural patterns shaping micro-, meso-, and exosystems
C. Peer group influence only
D. Family dynamics within the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The macro-system refers to the overarching cultural values, laws, customs, and
belief systems that shape the lower systems (micro-, meso-, and exosystems). It represents
the broader societal context, not just immediate relationships or family interactions.
In symbolic interactionism, what is meant by the teacher expectancy effect?
,A. Teachers expect all learners to perform equally
B. A teacher’s expectations can positively or negatively influence a learner’s performance
C. Learners ignore teacher expectations
D. Expectations are determined only by school policy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The teacher expectancy effect occurs when a teacher’s beliefs about a learner
influence how they treat that learner, which in turn affects the learner’s academic
performance. Positive expectations can enhance achievement, while negative expectations
may hinder it.
Which of the following best captures the idea of citizenship?
A. Only a legal passport
B. Only voting in elections
C. Legal status, cosmopolitan ideals, and active participation
D. Paying taxes only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Citizenship includes legal status, a sense of belonging, cosmopolitan values, and
active participation in society. It is not limited to legal recognition or a single civic duty.
A cosmopolitan view of citizenship education aims to prepare learners to:
A. Focus only on national issues
B. Act locally but think globally
C. Avoid global concerns
D. Prioritize economic success only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cosmopolitan perspective encourages learners to engage actively in their local
communities while being aware of and responsive to global issues.
Which of the following were components of apartheid citizenship in South Africa?
A. Equal rights for all racial groups
B. Racial classification, denial of rights for Black people, and the homeland system
C. Universal suffrage
D. Inclusive democracy
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under apartheid, South Africans were classified by race, Black citizens were
denied full civil and political rights, and the homeland system was established to segregate
populations. The other options describe democratic principles rather than apartheid
policies.
Citizenship education in the United Kingdom is best described as:
A. An optional after-school activity
B. A compulsory subject including community involvement and political literacy
C. Focused only on history
D. Limited to voting education
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Citizenship education became compulsory in the English National Curriculum in
1999 and includes political literacy and community participation. It is broader than just
voting or historical study.
Social stratification refers to:
A. Equal distribution of wealth
B. Categorising people into ranked social layers
C. Eliminating class differences
D. Individual personality differences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social stratification is the process of ranking individuals or groups within society,
often based on wealth, power, or status. It highlights inequality rather than equality.
Gender is best described as:
A. Biological differences only
B. A social process of developing masculine and feminine traits
C. Genetic inheritance only
D. Fixed and unchangeable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sociologists view gender as socially constructed through cultural expectations
and socialisation, rather than purely biological differences.
