NR 412 EXAM 3 CARDIO, ANEURYSM,
DIABETES 2026 VERIFIED CRRECT
ANSWERS AND GUARANTEED PASS
What are the two functions of the Pancreas and what does the Islet of Langerhans (IoL) do? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Exocrine (secretes into ducts leading to tissue) function which secretes pancreatic and
digestive enzymes.
Endocrine (secretes into blood) secretes hormones. One of which is the IoL which has beta cells that
secrete insulin and alpha cells that secrete glucagon.
What occurs in the Pancreas when blood glucose gets too high and what happens after this? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Beta cells in the islet secrete insulin to drive storage of glucose in cells. Insulin stimulates
glycogenesis and lipogenesis in cells and also protein synthesis (that helps make these molecules).
Insulin inhibits glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and protein breakdown.
What are the normal ranges of Blood glucose and what occurs when you get outside of these numbers?
How does your body counteract Insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER-80-120mg/dl. If you go over, your body
stores glucose as fat. If you go under your body will start to use muscle as fuel & energy levels will
decrease. If you stay within the levels you release fat to deal with need for normal Energy and eliminate
cravings and inc. Energy.
Hormones like glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol oppose insulin and stimulate glu
production and release in liver, dec. movement of glu into cell, and maintain normal blood glu levels.
What are the 2 classes of Diabetes and what are the characteristics of each? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 1
diabetes is a genetic autoimmune destruction of Beta cells which leads to eventual absolute insulin
deficiency. 75% occurs in people under 18 and makes up 5-10% of people with diabetes.
Type 2 is an acquired underactivity of Beta cells which then do not release enough insulin and the body
becomes resistant to this insulin.
What factors lead to Type 1 diabetes? How will you know someone has Type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Genetics that have certain tissue types HLA-DQ & DR and once they are exposed a viral
infection the body starts killing Beta cells.
You will not know until Beta cells are killed (mo.-yr.). Then once all Beta cells are gone, Polyuria,
Polydipsia (thirst), and Polyphagia (hunger). Polyphagia occurs because the cells are starving without
glucose.
, The person will have weight loss, fatigue, inc. infection, and be insulin dependent.
What is the cause of Type 2 diabetes? What are some risk factors? How does the onset of Type 2
diabetes manifest? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 2 is caused by either an insufficient amount of insulin
production or poor utilization/resistance of it.
Obesity and dec. physical activity inc. risk, but so do genetics in family history and race.
Consistent Hyperglycemia is present in these pt., but might not be diagnosed for yr. They will have
fatigue, inc. infection, visual changes and the 3 P's (uria, dipsia, & phagia).
What are the four possible major metabolic abnormalities in Type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
Insulin resistance
2. Decreased Pancreas production of insulin
3. Inappropriate glu production in liver
4. Alteration in production of hormones and adipokines.
What is Osmotic Diuresis, what is it caused by, and what is it a symptom of? What are symptoms of
Hyperglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic Diuresis is increased urination (and therefore thirst) due
to the increased presence of solutes created by kidneys. These solutes draw water to them and then inc.
urine output as H2O leaves cells and the like.
It is caused by Glucosuria in hyperglycemia that makes the cells thirsty and causes polydipsia.
Other symptoms of Hyperglycemia include glucosuria, 3 P's, weight gain, fatigue, blurred vision, inc.
infections, and poor wound healing.
What is the connection between old age and diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 2 diabetes is more
prevalent in the older populations because Beta cells get tired. Delayed psychomotor function interferes
with treatment of hypoglycemia.
What is the connection between culture and diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Different cultures have
been exposed to different diets and therefore Type 2 diabetes can be more prevalent in non-white
ethnicities because they aren't as fat and lazy and have high glu diets.
What are some causes of Hypglycemia? What numerical value represents this reality? What
manifestations occur with Hypoglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of glucose intake, Exercise without
glu and oral hypoglycemic agents.
DIABETES 2026 VERIFIED CRRECT
ANSWERS AND GUARANTEED PASS
What are the two functions of the Pancreas and what does the Islet of Langerhans (IoL) do? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Exocrine (secretes into ducts leading to tissue) function which secretes pancreatic and
digestive enzymes.
Endocrine (secretes into blood) secretes hormones. One of which is the IoL which has beta cells that
secrete insulin and alpha cells that secrete glucagon.
What occurs in the Pancreas when blood glucose gets too high and what happens after this? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Beta cells in the islet secrete insulin to drive storage of glucose in cells. Insulin stimulates
glycogenesis and lipogenesis in cells and also protein synthesis (that helps make these molecules).
Insulin inhibits glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and protein breakdown.
What are the normal ranges of Blood glucose and what occurs when you get outside of these numbers?
How does your body counteract Insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER-80-120mg/dl. If you go over, your body
stores glucose as fat. If you go under your body will start to use muscle as fuel & energy levels will
decrease. If you stay within the levels you release fat to deal with need for normal Energy and eliminate
cravings and inc. Energy.
Hormones like glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol oppose insulin and stimulate glu
production and release in liver, dec. movement of glu into cell, and maintain normal blood glu levels.
What are the 2 classes of Diabetes and what are the characteristics of each? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 1
diabetes is a genetic autoimmune destruction of Beta cells which leads to eventual absolute insulin
deficiency. 75% occurs in people under 18 and makes up 5-10% of people with diabetes.
Type 2 is an acquired underactivity of Beta cells which then do not release enough insulin and the body
becomes resistant to this insulin.
What factors lead to Type 1 diabetes? How will you know someone has Type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Genetics that have certain tissue types HLA-DQ & DR and once they are exposed a viral
infection the body starts killing Beta cells.
You will not know until Beta cells are killed (mo.-yr.). Then once all Beta cells are gone, Polyuria,
Polydipsia (thirst), and Polyphagia (hunger). Polyphagia occurs because the cells are starving without
glucose.
, The person will have weight loss, fatigue, inc. infection, and be insulin dependent.
What is the cause of Type 2 diabetes? What are some risk factors? How does the onset of Type 2
diabetes manifest? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 2 is caused by either an insufficient amount of insulin
production or poor utilization/resistance of it.
Obesity and dec. physical activity inc. risk, but so do genetics in family history and race.
Consistent Hyperglycemia is present in these pt., but might not be diagnosed for yr. They will have
fatigue, inc. infection, visual changes and the 3 P's (uria, dipsia, & phagia).
What are the four possible major metabolic abnormalities in Type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
Insulin resistance
2. Decreased Pancreas production of insulin
3. Inappropriate glu production in liver
4. Alteration in production of hormones and adipokines.
What is Osmotic Diuresis, what is it caused by, and what is it a symptom of? What are symptoms of
Hyperglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmotic Diuresis is increased urination (and therefore thirst) due
to the increased presence of solutes created by kidneys. These solutes draw water to them and then inc.
urine output as H2O leaves cells and the like.
It is caused by Glucosuria in hyperglycemia that makes the cells thirsty and causes polydipsia.
Other symptoms of Hyperglycemia include glucosuria, 3 P's, weight gain, fatigue, blurred vision, inc.
infections, and poor wound healing.
What is the connection between old age and diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 2 diabetes is more
prevalent in the older populations because Beta cells get tired. Delayed psychomotor function interferes
with treatment of hypoglycemia.
What is the connection between culture and diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Different cultures have
been exposed to different diets and therefore Type 2 diabetes can be more prevalent in non-white
ethnicities because they aren't as fat and lazy and have high glu diets.
What are some causes of Hypglycemia? What numerical value represents this reality? What
manifestations occur with Hypoglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of glucose intake, Exercise without
glu and oral hypoglycemic agents.
