LEHNE PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY OUTLINE FOR CHAPTERS 1 TO 110 WITH
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE-BASED
ANSWERS
©Absorption - determines intensity & time of the effects
©3 ways to cross a cell membrane - - channels and
pores(electrolytes/ions)
- transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
- direct penetration of the membrane(lipid soluble)
©blood-brain barrier - Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let
certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
©Routes of Drug Administration: - Parenteral-(via injection)
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous (SC)
Enteral/Oral- by mouth
©drug metabolization - structural enzyme change
,©P450 system (cytochrome P450) - ox enzymes: detoxify, improves
solubility to be exc by kidneys (12 enzyme families)
©What enzymes of Cytochrome P450 metabolize drugs? - CYP 1,2,3
©What are therapeutic consequences of metabolism? - Accelerated renal
secretion
Drug inactivation
increased therapeutic action
Activation of pro drugs
increased or decreased toxicity
©Prodrugs are - inactive and must be metaboliz/activated in the liver
©Considerations for drug metabolism - Age-induction& inhibition of
drug metabolizing enz
©Faster metabolization of a drug =____ - need a higher dosage
©Induction of metabolic enzymes - stimulating enzyme synthesis
, ©drug excretion - the process of eliminating medications, usually
through the kidneys in urine, but also through sweat, feces, and saliva,
milk production
©kidney excretion - -blood is filtered through the glomerulus of the
kidneys
-molecules that are sufficiently polar from metabolism will be excreted
out of the nephron
-those that are still not polar enough will be re-absorbed back into the
blood
©Active tubular secretion - active transport systems in the renal tubule
work to move some drugs from the blood and into the urine (Acids and
bases)
©passive tubular reabsorption - drugs that are lipid-soluble undergo
passive reabsorption from the tubule back into the blood
Polar and ionized stay in urine
©glomerular filtration - excretes drugs in urine
protein bound drugs are not filtered
©Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does to the body
STUDY OUTLINE FOR CHAPTERS 1 TO 110 WITH
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE-BASED
ANSWERS
©Absorption - determines intensity & time of the effects
©3 ways to cross a cell membrane - - channels and
pores(electrolytes/ions)
- transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
- direct penetration of the membrane(lipid soluble)
©blood-brain barrier - Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let
certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
©Routes of Drug Administration: - Parenteral-(via injection)
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous (SC)
Enteral/Oral- by mouth
©drug metabolization - structural enzyme change
,©P450 system (cytochrome P450) - ox enzymes: detoxify, improves
solubility to be exc by kidneys (12 enzyme families)
©What enzymes of Cytochrome P450 metabolize drugs? - CYP 1,2,3
©What are therapeutic consequences of metabolism? - Accelerated renal
secretion
Drug inactivation
increased therapeutic action
Activation of pro drugs
increased or decreased toxicity
©Prodrugs are - inactive and must be metaboliz/activated in the liver
©Considerations for drug metabolism - Age-induction& inhibition of
drug metabolizing enz
©Faster metabolization of a drug =____ - need a higher dosage
©Induction of metabolic enzymes - stimulating enzyme synthesis
, ©drug excretion - the process of eliminating medications, usually
through the kidneys in urine, but also through sweat, feces, and saliva,
milk production
©kidney excretion - -blood is filtered through the glomerulus of the
kidneys
-molecules that are sufficiently polar from metabolism will be excreted
out of the nephron
-those that are still not polar enough will be re-absorbed back into the
blood
©Active tubular secretion - active transport systems in the renal tubule
work to move some drugs from the blood and into the urine (Acids and
bases)
©passive tubular reabsorption - drugs that are lipid-soluble undergo
passive reabsorption from the tubule back into the blood
Polar and ionized stay in urine
©glomerular filtration - excretes drugs in urine
protein bound drugs are not filtered
©Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does to the body
