NSG 531 Pharm Exam 1 || A+ Guaranteed.

NSG 531 Pharm Exam 1 || A+ Guaranteed.
drug correct answers substance intended for use in the Dx, cure, mitigation, Tx, or prevention of
disease; substance other than food intended to affect the structure and function of the body

hydrophilic (lipophobic) correct answers most drugs solubility

non-ionized
lipid soluble correct answers 2 qualities of protonated acid

ionized
water soluble correct answers 2 qualities of protonated base

ionized
water soluble correct answers 2 qualities of non-protonated acid

non-ionized
lipid soluble correct answers 2 qualities of non-protonated base

acid correct answers molecule that donates H+ ion when put into solution

rapidly dissociates (favored to right) correct answers reaction of very strong acid in solution

base correct answers combines w/ H+ when put into solution

accepts almost all of H+ ion (favored to right) correct answers reaction of strong base in a
solution

water soluble correct answers solubility of acid drug predominantly charged/ionized

fat soluble correct answers solubility of base drug predominantly charged/ionized

polar correct answers synonymous w/ charged and water soluble

soluble correct answers able to dissolve/pass through solvent (either H2O or lipid bilayer)

whether it is an acid or base
pH of solution correct answers 2 factors that determine whether drug is ionized or non-ionized

Law of Mass Action correct answers rate of reaction is proportional to concentration of reactants

ionized, water soluble correct answers acid drug in high pH solution

non-ionized, lipid soluble correct answers base drug in low pH solution

, pKa correct answers pH where 50% of drug is ionized (water soluble) and 50% is non-ionized
(lipid soluble); pH drug sees as "neutral" and will give up and accept H+ at equal rate

buffer correct answers compound that mitigates changes in pH when added as a weak acid or
base to solution

pKa
pH correct answers 2 factors needed to predict form of drug that predominates

left correct answers direction of reaction when pH < pKa

ionized correct answers water soluble (unable to cross plasma membrane)

non-ionized correct answers lipid soluble (able to cross plasma membrane)

Acidic environment drives reaction to the Left and makes Acid Non-ionized (base ionized)
correct answers ALAN mnemonic

Basic environment drives reaction to Right and makes Acid Ionized and base Non-ionized
correct answers BRAIN mnemonic

ALAN correct answers mnemonic to use for acid drug w/ pKa 4 in solution w/ pH 2

ALAN correct answers mnemonic to use for base drug w/ pKa 4 and pH 2

BRAIN correct answers mnemonic to use for acid drug w/ pKa 4 and pH 8

phenytoin (Dilantin) correct answers example of weak acid drug absorbed in GIT (pKa > pH)

ion trapping correct answers occurs when a drug molecule changes from ionized to nonionized
form as it moves from one body compartment to another and is unable to diffuse back

aspirin correct answers drug example of ion trapping in the plasma

upper GIT (acidic) correct answers where acidic drugs tend to be absorbed

antacids or H2 antagonists correct answers drug classes that will slow absorption of acidic drugs

acidify urine w/ ammonium chloride correct answers how to alter urinary pH for excretion of
base drugs

Methamphetamine correct answers example of base drug that OD can be reversed by acidifying
urine

alkalinize urine w/ sodium bicarbonate correct answers how to alter urinary pH for excretion of
acid drugs