ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
SOLVED EXAM: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE 2030 AGENDA
1. According to Rodríguez and Ríos (2016), what does sustainability study?
• Answer: The capacity of systems to overcome disturbances and adapt.
• Rationale: The text defines the activity as the study of system resilience in the face of
changes to maintain necessary processes.
2. How is social welfare measured in the context of sustainability?
• Answer: Through the capacity for consumption over time.
• Rationale: Sustainability seeks to maintain or increase social welfare based on
sustainable consumption.
3. What is Sustainable Development according to Duran (2000)?
• Answer: A multidimensional system involving social, economic, and environmental
components.
• Rationale: It is considered a key integral topic for decision-making in economic policy.
4. What is the main objective of passing resources to future generations?
• Answer: To deliver a set of resources equal to or greater than the current one.
• Rationale: According to Daly (1991), the goal is not to compromise the biophysical
substrate that makes life possible.
5. Which components form the intersection of Sustainable Development?
• Answer: Ecological, Social, and Economic.
• Rationale: These are the three fundamental dimensions that must be in balance for a
system to be sustainable.
6. What does it mean for a project to be "Bearable" (Soportable)?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Ecological and the Social.
• Rationale: It indicates that society can coexist with the environment without critically
degrading it.
7. What does it mean for a project to be "Viable"?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Economic and the Ecological.
• Rationale: It means the economic activity is profitable while respecting nature's limits.
8. What does it mean for a project to be "Equitable"?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Social and the Economic.
SOLVED EXAM: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE 2030 AGENDA
1. According to Rodríguez and Ríos (2016), what does sustainability study?
• Answer: The capacity of systems to overcome disturbances and adapt.
• Rationale: The text defines the activity as the study of system resilience in the face of
changes to maintain necessary processes.
2. How is social welfare measured in the context of sustainability?
• Answer: Through the capacity for consumption over time.
• Rationale: Sustainability seeks to maintain or increase social welfare based on
sustainable consumption.
3. What is Sustainable Development according to Duran (2000)?
• Answer: A multidimensional system involving social, economic, and environmental
components.
• Rationale: It is considered a key integral topic for decision-making in economic policy.
4. What is the main objective of passing resources to future generations?
• Answer: To deliver a set of resources equal to or greater than the current one.
• Rationale: According to Daly (1991), the goal is not to compromise the biophysical
substrate that makes life possible.
5. Which components form the intersection of Sustainable Development?
• Answer: Ecological, Social, and Economic.
• Rationale: These are the three fundamental dimensions that must be in balance for a
system to be sustainable.
6. What does it mean for a project to be "Bearable" (Soportable)?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Ecological and the Social.
• Rationale: It indicates that society can coexist with the environment without critically
degrading it.
7. What does it mean for a project to be "Viable"?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Economic and the Ecological.
• Rationale: It means the economic activity is profitable while respecting nature's limits.
8. What does it mean for a project to be "Equitable"?
• Answer: It is the intersection between the Social and the Economic.
