N3661 FINAL REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

N3661 FINAL REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS


FVD S&S - ANSWER - Decreased BP

- tachy

- acute weight loss

poor skin turgor

elevated temp

thready pulse



FVD treatment - ANSWER - IV lactated ringer or NaCl

- once balance established- hypotonic solution (0.45% naCl) to provide electrolytes and
water



FVO risk factors - ANSWER - HF

- renal failure

- cirrhosis of liver

- overdoes of na fluids

- prolonged use of corticosteriods



FVO S&S - ANSWER - edema

- distended neck veins

- crackles in lung

- tachy

- bounding pulse

- increased BP

- increased weight

,- SOB



FVO labs - ANSWER - HCT and HGB decreased

- decreased serum osmolality

- decreased BUN



FVO treatment - ANSWER - monitor I&O

- daily weight

- Na restricted diet

- fluid restrictions

- diuretics

- monitor N a and K levels



Soduim lvls - ANSWER 135-145



Hyponatremia - ANSWER - mental status

- SEIZURE precautions , coma

- gradual replacement- can cause cerebral edema

- headache, confusion, dizzy, decreased deep tendon reflexes

- hyperactive bowel

- Hx HF



Hyponatremia treatment - ANSWER - water restriction

- Na replacement oral if can

- IV LR or NS

- If SIADH is cause- hypertonic fluids, restrict fluids, diuretics

, Hypernatremia - ANSWER - restless

- muscle twitching, weak muscles, decreased deep tendon reflexes

- thirst

- N&V

- serum osmolality >300

- elevated temp

- dry, swollen tongue

- sticky ucosa



Hypernatremia treatment - ANSWER - hypotonic electrolyte solution

- D5W

- assess OTC sources of sodium

- fluids



Potassium lvls - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L



Hypokalemia S&S - ANSWER - dysrhythmias

- glucose intolerance

- on diuretics

- diarrhea

- lethargy

- flattened T waves; ST depression; prolonged PR interval

- decreased BP, weak pulse, ortho hypo



Hypokalemia treatment - ANSWER - heart monitor

- increase dietary K

- potassium replacement