Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1 Exam
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers -what the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers -what the drug does to the body
Toxicology - Correct Answers -The undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers -dynamic that achieves the desired
therapeutic effect of the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Legend drugs - Correct Answers -another name for prescription drugs
Pharmacogenomics - Correct Answers -the study of genetically determined variations in
the response to drugs
Pharmacologic Agonist - Correct Answers -agent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect, full or partial agonists
Pharmacological Antagonist - Correct Answers -Agent binds to receptor-completes with
other molecules and prevents binding by other molecules-it inhibits other molecules
from binding
Pro-drug - Correct Answers -An inactive percursor chemical-must be abosorbed and
distributed and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic processes.
What is ADME? - Correct Answers -Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Absorption - Correct Answers -entry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
Distribution - Correct Answers -agent leaves the bloodstream and distributes to
interstitial and intracellular fluids
Metablosim - Correct Answers -chemical processes that occur to make the drug useful
in the bloodstream--done by the liver, kidney, or other tissue
Ellimination - Correct Answers -Leaving the body-via urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat,
breast milk
, 2 Major Administration Routes - Correct Answers -1. Enteral -most common, easy,
cheap-BUT drug absorption pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Enteral drug administration - Correct Answers -oral, sublingual, rectal
drug absorption pathways complicated
**First-pass metabolism can limit the amount of drug that enters systemic circulation
influenced by food and other drugs
What is first pass metabolism? - Correct Answers -The concentration of drug is greatly
reduced BEFORE reaching systemic circulation. This mainly involves liver enzymes, but
also includes gastric enzymes, gut wall enzymes, and bacterial enzymes. Bioavaliability
is reduced.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQQns7RAUzA
Parenteral drug administration - Correct Answers --IV, IM, SubQ
- More control over actual dose of drug
- Directly into systemic circulation-bypass first pass metabolism
- used for drugs poorly absorbed by GI
-Rapid onset of action
-Disadvantage: cannot take the drug back, infection risk
Inhalation route of administration - Correct Answers -Rapid delivery, large surface area,
good for gases, aerolsols, respiratory drugs
Rectal Route of administration - Correct Answers -50% of circulatory drainage
BYPASSES portal circulation
Meaning: Less first pass effect
Drug Transport Methods: - Correct Answers -Passive diffusion (no E needed)
Active transport (requires E)
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion (simple diffusion) - Correct Answers -no energy needed, related to
concentration gradient across membrane, HIGHER concentration goes to LOWER
concentration
Active Transport - Correct Answers -requires energy (ATP), Able to move drug from
LOWER to HIGHER concentration
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Transport large molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into cell
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -Process by which a cell releases large amounts of
material
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers -what the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers -what the drug does to the body
Toxicology - Correct Answers -The undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers -dynamic that achieves the desired
therapeutic effect of the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Legend drugs - Correct Answers -another name for prescription drugs
Pharmacogenomics - Correct Answers -the study of genetically determined variations in
the response to drugs
Pharmacologic Agonist - Correct Answers -agent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect, full or partial agonists
Pharmacological Antagonist - Correct Answers -Agent binds to receptor-completes with
other molecules and prevents binding by other molecules-it inhibits other molecules
from binding
Pro-drug - Correct Answers -An inactive percursor chemical-must be abosorbed and
distributed and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic processes.
What is ADME? - Correct Answers -Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Absorption - Correct Answers -entry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
Distribution - Correct Answers -agent leaves the bloodstream and distributes to
interstitial and intracellular fluids
Metablosim - Correct Answers -chemical processes that occur to make the drug useful
in the bloodstream--done by the liver, kidney, or other tissue
Ellimination - Correct Answers -Leaving the body-via urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat,
breast milk
, 2 Major Administration Routes - Correct Answers -1. Enteral -most common, easy,
cheap-BUT drug absorption pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Enteral drug administration - Correct Answers -oral, sublingual, rectal
drug absorption pathways complicated
**First-pass metabolism can limit the amount of drug that enters systemic circulation
influenced by food and other drugs
What is first pass metabolism? - Correct Answers -The concentration of drug is greatly
reduced BEFORE reaching systemic circulation. This mainly involves liver enzymes, but
also includes gastric enzymes, gut wall enzymes, and bacterial enzymes. Bioavaliability
is reduced.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQQns7RAUzA
Parenteral drug administration - Correct Answers --IV, IM, SubQ
- More control over actual dose of drug
- Directly into systemic circulation-bypass first pass metabolism
- used for drugs poorly absorbed by GI
-Rapid onset of action
-Disadvantage: cannot take the drug back, infection risk
Inhalation route of administration - Correct Answers -Rapid delivery, large surface area,
good for gases, aerolsols, respiratory drugs
Rectal Route of administration - Correct Answers -50% of circulatory drainage
BYPASSES portal circulation
Meaning: Less first pass effect
Drug Transport Methods: - Correct Answers -Passive diffusion (no E needed)
Active transport (requires E)
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion (simple diffusion) - Correct Answers -no energy needed, related to
concentration gradient across membrane, HIGHER concentration goes to LOWER
concentration
Active Transport - Correct Answers -requires energy (ATP), Able to move drug from
LOWER to HIGHER concentration
Endocytosis - Correct Answers -Transport large molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into cell
Exocytosis - Correct Answers -Process by which a cell releases large amounts of
material
