ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES
1. PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun: Name of a person, place, or thing. (Ali, school, book)
Pronoun: Used instead of a noun. (he, she, it)
Verb: Shows action or state. (run, is)
Adjective: Describes a noun. (big, beautiful)
Adverb: Describes a verb or adjective. (quickly, very)
Preposition: Shows relation. (in, on, under)
Conjunction: Joins words or sentences. (and, but)
Interjection: Shows feeling. (wow, oh)
2. TENSES
Present: I eat food.
Past: I ate food.
Future: I will eat food.
3. ARTICLES
a – used before consonant sound (a boy)
an – used before vowel sound (an apple)
the – used for specific thing (the sun)
4. SENTENCE TYPES
Declarative: Statement (I like tea.)
Interrogative: Question (Do you like tea?)
Imperative: Command (Open the door.)
Exclamatory: Strong feeling (What a day!)
5. ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
Active: Ali writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Ali.
6. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He said that he was tired.
7. SUBJECT & PREDICATE
Subject: What the sentence is about.
Predicate: What is said about the subject.
8. PUNCTUATION
. Full stop
, Comma
? Question mark
! Exclamation
1. PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun: Name of a person, place, or thing. (Ali, school, book)
Pronoun: Used instead of a noun. (he, she, it)
Verb: Shows action or state. (run, is)
Adjective: Describes a noun. (big, beautiful)
Adverb: Describes a verb or adjective. (quickly, very)
Preposition: Shows relation. (in, on, under)
Conjunction: Joins words or sentences. (and, but)
Interjection: Shows feeling. (wow, oh)
2. TENSES
Present: I eat food.
Past: I ate food.
Future: I will eat food.
3. ARTICLES
a – used before consonant sound (a boy)
an – used before vowel sound (an apple)
the – used for specific thing (the sun)
4. SENTENCE TYPES
Declarative: Statement (I like tea.)
Interrogative: Question (Do you like tea?)
Imperative: Command (Open the door.)
Exclamatory: Strong feeling (What a day!)
5. ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
Active: Ali writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Ali.
6. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He said that he was tired.
7. SUBJECT & PREDICATE
Subject: What the sentence is about.
Predicate: What is said about the subject.
8. PUNCTUATION
. Full stop
, Comma
? Question mark
! Exclamation
