NSG 502 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
1. M.J. calls the clinic and tells the nurse that her 85-year-old mother has
been nauseated all day and has vomited twice. Before the nurse hangs
up and calls the HCP, she should tell M.J. to
a. administer antiemetic drugs and assess her mother's skin turgor.
b. give her mother sips of water and elevate the head of her bed to
prevent aspiration.
c. offer her mother large quantities of Gatorade to decrease the risk for
sodium depletion.
d. give her mother a high-protein liquid supplement to drink to maintain
her nutrition needs. - CORRECT ANSWER- b
4. Which instructions would the nurse include in a teaching plan for a
patient with mild gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
a. "The best time to take an as-needed antacid is 1 to 3 hours after
meals."
b. "A glass of warm milk at bedtime will decrease your discomfort at
night."
c. "Do not chew gum; the excess saliva will cause you to secrete more
acid."
d. "Limit your intake of foods high in protein because they take longer to
digest." - CORRECT ANSWER- a
6. The nurse monitors a patient with gastritis for pernicious anemia due
to
a. chronic autoimmune destruction of cobalamin stores in the body.
b. progressive gastric atrophy from chronic breakage in the mucosal
barrier and blood loss.
,c. a lack of intrinsic factor normally produced by acid-secreting cells of
the gastric mucosa.
d. hyperchlorhydria from an increase in acid-secreting parietal cells and
degradation of RBCs. - CORRECT ANSWER- c
7. The nurse is teaching the patient and family that peptic ulcers are
a. caused by a stressful lifestyle and other acid-producing factors, such
as H. pylori.
b. inherited within families and reinforced by bacterial spread of
Staphylococcus aureus in childhood.
c. promoted by factors that cause oversecretion of acid, such as excess
diet fats, smoking, and alcohol use.
d. promoted by a combination of factors that cause erosion of the gastric
mucosa, including certain drugs and H. pylori. - CORRECT ANSWER-
d
9. The discharge teaching plan for the patient after an acute episode of
upper GI bleeding includes information about the importance of (select
all that apply)
a. limiting alcohol intake to 1 serving per day.
b. only taking aspirin with milk or bread products.
c. avoiding taking aspirin and drugs containing aspirin.
d. only taking drugs prescribed by the health care provider.
e. taking all drugs 1 hour before mealtime to prevent further bleeding. -
CORRECT ANSWER- c, d
1. The most appropriate therapy for a patient with acute diarrhea caused
by a viral infection is to
a. increase fluid intake.
b. administer an antibiotic.
c. administer an antimotility drug.
d. quarantine the patient to prevent spread of the virus. - CORRECT
ANSWER- a
,2. A 35-year-old female patient is admied to the emergency department
with acute abdominal pain. Which medical diagnoses should you
consider as possible causes of her pain? (select all that apply)
a. Gastroenteritis
b. Ectopic pregnancy
c. Gastrointestinal bleeding
d. Irritable bowel syndrome
e. Inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER- a, b, c, d, e
3. Assessment findings suggestive of peritonitis include (select all that
apply)
a. abdominal pain.
b. rebound tenderness.
c. a soft, distended abdomen.
d. shallow respirations with bradypnea.
e. observing that the patient is lying still. - CORRECT ANSWER- a, b,
e
4. In planning care for the patient with Crohn's disease, the nurse
recognizes that a major difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
disease is that Crohn's disease
a. often results in toxic megacolon.
b. causes fewer nutrition deficiencies than ulcerative colitis.
c. often recurs after surgery, while ulcerative colitis is curable with a
colectomy.
d. is manifested by rectal bleeding and anemia more often than is
ulcerative colitis. - CORRECT ANSWER- c
7. The nurse determines a patient undergoing ileostomy surgery
understands the procedure when the patient states
a. "I should only have to change the pouch every 4 to 7 days."
b. "The drainage in the pouch will look like my normal stools."
c. "I may not need to wear a drainage pouch if I irrigate it daily."
, d. "Limiting my fluid intake should decrease the amount of output." -
CORRECT ANSWER- a
7. Which finding can indicate gallstones and gallbladder obstruction?
a. Dark colored stools
b. Pain in the left lower abdomen
c. Referred pain to the right shoulder
d. Improved symptoms with high-fat meals - CORRECT ANSWER- c
8. Discharge teaching for the patient who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy should include the need to
a. abstain from alcohol.
b. avoid eating low-fat meals.
c. obtain hepatitis A vaccine.
d. call if there are changes in stool or urine color. - CORRECT
ANSWER- d
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH/hip dysplasia) - CORRECT
ANSWER- - subluxation or dislocation of the head of the hemur from
the acetabulum
- females affected more than males
developmental dysplasia of the hip etiologies - CORRECT ANSWER-
generally unknown, but multiple possibilities:
- maternal hormone secretion
- positioning (breech or tight infant swaddling)
- genetics
developmental dysplasia of the hip treatments/considerations -
CORRECT ANSWER- - pavlik harness worn 24 hr/day
- only the provider may adjust the harness
- may use regular car seat
- check for skin breakdown where harness touches skin
- sitting upright is a major milestone (<6 months), need to promote
normal activities/play
CORRECT ANSWERS
1. M.J. calls the clinic and tells the nurse that her 85-year-old mother has
been nauseated all day and has vomited twice. Before the nurse hangs
up and calls the HCP, she should tell M.J. to
a. administer antiemetic drugs and assess her mother's skin turgor.
b. give her mother sips of water and elevate the head of her bed to
prevent aspiration.
c. offer her mother large quantities of Gatorade to decrease the risk for
sodium depletion.
d. give her mother a high-protein liquid supplement to drink to maintain
her nutrition needs. - CORRECT ANSWER- b
4. Which instructions would the nurse include in a teaching plan for a
patient with mild gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
a. "The best time to take an as-needed antacid is 1 to 3 hours after
meals."
b. "A glass of warm milk at bedtime will decrease your discomfort at
night."
c. "Do not chew gum; the excess saliva will cause you to secrete more
acid."
d. "Limit your intake of foods high in protein because they take longer to
digest." - CORRECT ANSWER- a
6. The nurse monitors a patient with gastritis for pernicious anemia due
to
a. chronic autoimmune destruction of cobalamin stores in the body.
b. progressive gastric atrophy from chronic breakage in the mucosal
barrier and blood loss.
,c. a lack of intrinsic factor normally produced by acid-secreting cells of
the gastric mucosa.
d. hyperchlorhydria from an increase in acid-secreting parietal cells and
degradation of RBCs. - CORRECT ANSWER- c
7. The nurse is teaching the patient and family that peptic ulcers are
a. caused by a stressful lifestyle and other acid-producing factors, such
as H. pylori.
b. inherited within families and reinforced by bacterial spread of
Staphylococcus aureus in childhood.
c. promoted by factors that cause oversecretion of acid, such as excess
diet fats, smoking, and alcohol use.
d. promoted by a combination of factors that cause erosion of the gastric
mucosa, including certain drugs and H. pylori. - CORRECT ANSWER-
d
9. The discharge teaching plan for the patient after an acute episode of
upper GI bleeding includes information about the importance of (select
all that apply)
a. limiting alcohol intake to 1 serving per day.
b. only taking aspirin with milk or bread products.
c. avoiding taking aspirin and drugs containing aspirin.
d. only taking drugs prescribed by the health care provider.
e. taking all drugs 1 hour before mealtime to prevent further bleeding. -
CORRECT ANSWER- c, d
1. The most appropriate therapy for a patient with acute diarrhea caused
by a viral infection is to
a. increase fluid intake.
b. administer an antibiotic.
c. administer an antimotility drug.
d. quarantine the patient to prevent spread of the virus. - CORRECT
ANSWER- a
,2. A 35-year-old female patient is admied to the emergency department
with acute abdominal pain. Which medical diagnoses should you
consider as possible causes of her pain? (select all that apply)
a. Gastroenteritis
b. Ectopic pregnancy
c. Gastrointestinal bleeding
d. Irritable bowel syndrome
e. Inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT ANSWER- a, b, c, d, e
3. Assessment findings suggestive of peritonitis include (select all that
apply)
a. abdominal pain.
b. rebound tenderness.
c. a soft, distended abdomen.
d. shallow respirations with bradypnea.
e. observing that the patient is lying still. - CORRECT ANSWER- a, b,
e
4. In planning care for the patient with Crohn's disease, the nurse
recognizes that a major difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
disease is that Crohn's disease
a. often results in toxic megacolon.
b. causes fewer nutrition deficiencies than ulcerative colitis.
c. often recurs after surgery, while ulcerative colitis is curable with a
colectomy.
d. is manifested by rectal bleeding and anemia more often than is
ulcerative colitis. - CORRECT ANSWER- c
7. The nurse determines a patient undergoing ileostomy surgery
understands the procedure when the patient states
a. "I should only have to change the pouch every 4 to 7 days."
b. "The drainage in the pouch will look like my normal stools."
c. "I may not need to wear a drainage pouch if I irrigate it daily."
, d. "Limiting my fluid intake should decrease the amount of output." -
CORRECT ANSWER- a
7. Which finding can indicate gallstones and gallbladder obstruction?
a. Dark colored stools
b. Pain in the left lower abdomen
c. Referred pain to the right shoulder
d. Improved symptoms with high-fat meals - CORRECT ANSWER- c
8. Discharge teaching for the patient who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy should include the need to
a. abstain from alcohol.
b. avoid eating low-fat meals.
c. obtain hepatitis A vaccine.
d. call if there are changes in stool or urine color. - CORRECT
ANSWER- d
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH/hip dysplasia) - CORRECT
ANSWER- - subluxation or dislocation of the head of the hemur from
the acetabulum
- females affected more than males
developmental dysplasia of the hip etiologies - CORRECT ANSWER-
generally unknown, but multiple possibilities:
- maternal hormone secretion
- positioning (breech or tight infant swaddling)
- genetics
developmental dysplasia of the hip treatments/considerations -
CORRECT ANSWER- - pavlik harness worn 24 hr/day
- only the provider may adjust the harness
- may use regular car seat
- check for skin breakdown where harness touches skin
- sitting upright is a major milestone (<6 months), need to promote
normal activities/play
