BASIC DYSRHYTHMIARELIAS
CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
LATEST
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) -
............SOLUTION..........Heart Rate: Depends on underlying
rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden
within the T wave
PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged;
can be different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
1
, Sinus Arrest/Pause - ............SOLUTION..........- SA node
doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed
cycle) length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ............SOLUTION..........an
irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - ............SOLUTION..........irregular beating of
the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to
1 block"
Junctional Rhythm - ............SOLUTION..........40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
2
CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
LATEST
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) -
............SOLUTION..........Heart Rate: Depends on underlying
rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden
within the T wave
PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged;
can be different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
1
, Sinus Arrest/Pause - ............SOLUTION..........- SA node
doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed
cycle) length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ............SOLUTION..........an
irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - ............SOLUTION..........irregular beating of
the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to
1 block"
Junctional Rhythm - ............SOLUTION..........40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
2
