NUR 257 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers (verified answers) | New
Version | Galen College of Nursing
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer pancrelipase to a child with cystic fibrosis. Which instruction
should the nurse provide to the parents?
A) Administer the medication only once daily in the morning.
B) Give the enzymes 2 hours after the child has finished eating.
C) Ensure the enzymes are taken with every meal and every snack.
D) Do not give enzymes if the child is consuming a high-fat snack.
E) Mix the enzymes into a large bowl of hot oatmeal.
Correct Answer: C) Ensure the enzymes are taken with every meal and every snack.
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required to prevent pancreatic insufficiency and promote
nutrient absorption; they must be taken whenever the child consumes food (meals and
snacks) to be effective.
Question 2
The nurse is providing education to the mother of a 2-year-old child regarding the administration
of ear drops. Which action by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
A) Pulling the pinna down and back.
B) Allowing the medication to reach room temperature before use.
C) Having the child lie on the unaffected side for several minutes.
D) Pulling the pinna up and back.
E) Cleaning the outer ear of drainage prior to administration.
Correct Answer: D) Pulling the pinna up and back.
Rationale: For children under the age of 3, the pinna should be pulled down and back to
straighten the ear canal. Pulling up and back is the technique used for children 3 years and
older.
Question 3
A 7-year-old child is receiving a nebulized albuterol treatment for an asthma exacerbation.
Which side effect should the nurse monitor for?
A) Severe bradycardia and lethargy.
B) Increased heart rate and jitteriness.
C) Excessive somnolence and hypotension.
D) Hypoglycemia and skin pallor.
E) Constipation and urinary retention.
Correct Answer: B) Increased heart rate and jitteriness.
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that can cause systemic side effects
including tachycardia (increased heart rate), nervousness, and tremors/jitteriness.
Question 4
A child is admitted to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. Which description best
defines this condition?
, 2
A) A mild cough that occurs only during exercise.
B) An intermittent airway obstruction that resolves with a single puff of an inhaler.
C) A life-threatening airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatments.
D) An upper airway infection caused by a viral pathogen.
E) Inflammation of the bronchioles caused by RSV.
Correct Answer: C) A life-threatening airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common
treatments.
Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a medical emergency where the airway obstruction does
not respond to standard asthma medications like bronchodilators.
Question 5
When applying topical corticosteroids to a child with eczema, why is it important for the nurse to
verify the child’s current height and weight?
A) To ensure the child is growing at a normal rate for their age.
B) To calculate the correct amount of fluid intake needed.
C) To ensure the dose and application are safe for the child’s size.
D) To determine if the child qualifies for systemic antibiotic therapy.
E) To monitor for signs of secondary bacterial infection.
Correct Answer: C) To ensure the dose and application are safe for the child’s size.
Rationale: Corticosteroids can be absorbed systemically through the skin; accurate height
and weight ensure the dosage and frequency are appropriate and safe to prevent toxicity.
Question 6
A school nurse is assessing a child for pediculosis capitis. Which finding is most characteristic of
this condition?
A) Honey-colored crusts on the forehead.
B) Small, red bumps on the scalp and white specks (nits) on the hair shaft.
C) Scaling, circular patches of hair loss.
D) Silvery, thick plaques on the elbows and knees.
E) Red, itchy bumps found only on the neck and shoulders.
Correct Answer: B) Small, red bumps on the scalp and white specks (nits) on the hair shaft.
Rationale: Head lice present with intense itching, red bumps from bites, and nits (eggs) that
firmly adhere to the hair shaft.
Question 7
A parent asks the nurse for a "home remedy" to treat their child’s head lice. What is the nurse's
best response?
A) "Mayonnaise is just as effective as medicated shampoo."
B) "Vinegar soaks will kill all live lice and nits."
C) "Avoid home remedies and use the recommended pharmacological treatments."
D) "Olive oil is the safest way to treat a child under age 5."
, 3
E) "You should shave the child's head to prevent further infestation."
Correct Answer: C) Avoid home remedies and use the recommended pharmacological
treatments.
Rationale: Evidence-based pharmacological treatments are recommended for head lice;
home remedies are often ineffective and may delay proper treatment.
Question 8
Which statement by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the management of atopic
dermatitis (eczema)?
A) "I will use bubble baths every night to keep the skin clean."
B) "This condition can be cured with a one-week course of antibiotics."
C) "I will change my child's diapers frequently and avoid skin irritants."
D) "I should keep the skin as dry as possible to prevent inflammation."
E) "I will apply thick lotions only when a rash is present."
Correct Answer: C) I will change my child's diapers frequently and avoid skin irritants.
Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that cannot be cured but is
managed by avoiding irritants and keeping the skin hydrated.
Question 9
An adolescent is seeking treatment for acne. Which of the following is considered a risk factor
for the development of acne?
A) Drinking eight glasses of water per day.
B) Frequent hand washing.
C) Diet high in low-glycemic foods.
D) Genetics and hormone fluctuations.
E) Cold weather and low humidity.
Correct Answer: D) Genetics and hormone fluctuations.
Rationale: Key risk factors for acne include genetics, hormonal changes (especially during
puberty), use of certain cosmetics, and dietary factors like high glycemic index foods.
Question 10
A child presents with a fever, runny nose, and a "slapped cheek" rash on the face that has spread
to the body. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of:
A) Measles (Rubeola).
B) Scarlet Fever.
C) Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19).
D) Chickenpox (Varicella).
E) Pertussis.
Correct Answer: C) Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19).
Rationale: Fifth Disease is characterized by a distinctive "slapped cheek" appearance
followed by a maculopapular rash that spreads to the extremities.
, 4
Question 11
The nurse is caring for a child with Rubeola (Measles). Which precaution should the nurse
implement?
A) Standard precautions only.
B) Contact precautions only.
C) Airborne precautions.
D) Protective environment.
E) Neutropenic precautions.
Correct Answer: C) Airborne precautions.
Rationale: Measles (Rubeola) is highly contagious and is transmitted via the airborne route,
requiring a negative-pressure room and N95 mask.
Question 12
Two days before the appearance of a rash in a child with Rubeola, the nurse expects to find:
A) Strawberry tongue.
B) Koplik’s spots.
C) Herald patch.
D) Bull’s eye rash.
E) Honey-colored crusts.
Correct Answer: B) Koplik’s spots.
Rationale: Koplik’s spots (small white spots on the oral mucosa) are a hallmark sign of
measles and typically appear 2 days before the generalized rash.
Question 13
Which statement regarding Rubella (German Measles) is correct?
A) The rash starts on the feet and moves upward.
B) It is much more severe in children than in adults.
C) The vaccine is safe to administer during pregnancy.
D) It is a "3-day measles" and the vaccine cannot be given to pregnant women.
E) It is caused by a bacterial infection of the throat.
Correct Answer: D) It is a "3-day measles" and the vaccine cannot be given to pregnant
women.
Rationale: Rubella is generally mild but can cause severe birth defects; the MMR vaccine is
a live vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Question 14
A 5-year-old child has a violent, repetitive cough that ends with a high-pitched "whooping"
sound. The nurse knows this child likely has:
A) Croup.
B) Influenza.
C) Pertussis.
Version | Galen College of Nursing
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer pancrelipase to a child with cystic fibrosis. Which instruction
should the nurse provide to the parents?
A) Administer the medication only once daily in the morning.
B) Give the enzymes 2 hours after the child has finished eating.
C) Ensure the enzymes are taken with every meal and every snack.
D) Do not give enzymes if the child is consuming a high-fat snack.
E) Mix the enzymes into a large bowl of hot oatmeal.
Correct Answer: C) Ensure the enzymes are taken with every meal and every snack.
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required to prevent pancreatic insufficiency and promote
nutrient absorption; they must be taken whenever the child consumes food (meals and
snacks) to be effective.
Question 2
The nurse is providing education to the mother of a 2-year-old child regarding the administration
of ear drops. Which action by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
A) Pulling the pinna down and back.
B) Allowing the medication to reach room temperature before use.
C) Having the child lie on the unaffected side for several minutes.
D) Pulling the pinna up and back.
E) Cleaning the outer ear of drainage prior to administration.
Correct Answer: D) Pulling the pinna up and back.
Rationale: For children under the age of 3, the pinna should be pulled down and back to
straighten the ear canal. Pulling up and back is the technique used for children 3 years and
older.
Question 3
A 7-year-old child is receiving a nebulized albuterol treatment for an asthma exacerbation.
Which side effect should the nurse monitor for?
A) Severe bradycardia and lethargy.
B) Increased heart rate and jitteriness.
C) Excessive somnolence and hypotension.
D) Hypoglycemia and skin pallor.
E) Constipation and urinary retention.
Correct Answer: B) Increased heart rate and jitteriness.
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that can cause systemic side effects
including tachycardia (increased heart rate), nervousness, and tremors/jitteriness.
Question 4
A child is admitted to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. Which description best
defines this condition?
, 2
A) A mild cough that occurs only during exercise.
B) An intermittent airway obstruction that resolves with a single puff of an inhaler.
C) A life-threatening airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatments.
D) An upper airway infection caused by a viral pathogen.
E) Inflammation of the bronchioles caused by RSV.
Correct Answer: C) A life-threatening airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common
treatments.
Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a medical emergency where the airway obstruction does
not respond to standard asthma medications like bronchodilators.
Question 5
When applying topical corticosteroids to a child with eczema, why is it important for the nurse to
verify the child’s current height and weight?
A) To ensure the child is growing at a normal rate for their age.
B) To calculate the correct amount of fluid intake needed.
C) To ensure the dose and application are safe for the child’s size.
D) To determine if the child qualifies for systemic antibiotic therapy.
E) To monitor for signs of secondary bacterial infection.
Correct Answer: C) To ensure the dose and application are safe for the child’s size.
Rationale: Corticosteroids can be absorbed systemically through the skin; accurate height
and weight ensure the dosage and frequency are appropriate and safe to prevent toxicity.
Question 6
A school nurse is assessing a child for pediculosis capitis. Which finding is most characteristic of
this condition?
A) Honey-colored crusts on the forehead.
B) Small, red bumps on the scalp and white specks (nits) on the hair shaft.
C) Scaling, circular patches of hair loss.
D) Silvery, thick plaques on the elbows and knees.
E) Red, itchy bumps found only on the neck and shoulders.
Correct Answer: B) Small, red bumps on the scalp and white specks (nits) on the hair shaft.
Rationale: Head lice present with intense itching, red bumps from bites, and nits (eggs) that
firmly adhere to the hair shaft.
Question 7
A parent asks the nurse for a "home remedy" to treat their child’s head lice. What is the nurse's
best response?
A) "Mayonnaise is just as effective as medicated shampoo."
B) "Vinegar soaks will kill all live lice and nits."
C) "Avoid home remedies and use the recommended pharmacological treatments."
D) "Olive oil is the safest way to treat a child under age 5."
, 3
E) "You should shave the child's head to prevent further infestation."
Correct Answer: C) Avoid home remedies and use the recommended pharmacological
treatments.
Rationale: Evidence-based pharmacological treatments are recommended for head lice;
home remedies are often ineffective and may delay proper treatment.
Question 8
Which statement by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the management of atopic
dermatitis (eczema)?
A) "I will use bubble baths every night to keep the skin clean."
B) "This condition can be cured with a one-week course of antibiotics."
C) "I will change my child's diapers frequently and avoid skin irritants."
D) "I should keep the skin as dry as possible to prevent inflammation."
E) "I will apply thick lotions only when a rash is present."
Correct Answer: C) I will change my child's diapers frequently and avoid skin irritants.
Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that cannot be cured but is
managed by avoiding irritants and keeping the skin hydrated.
Question 9
An adolescent is seeking treatment for acne. Which of the following is considered a risk factor
for the development of acne?
A) Drinking eight glasses of water per day.
B) Frequent hand washing.
C) Diet high in low-glycemic foods.
D) Genetics and hormone fluctuations.
E) Cold weather and low humidity.
Correct Answer: D) Genetics and hormone fluctuations.
Rationale: Key risk factors for acne include genetics, hormonal changes (especially during
puberty), use of certain cosmetics, and dietary factors like high glycemic index foods.
Question 10
A child presents with a fever, runny nose, and a "slapped cheek" rash on the face that has spread
to the body. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of:
A) Measles (Rubeola).
B) Scarlet Fever.
C) Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19).
D) Chickenpox (Varicella).
E) Pertussis.
Correct Answer: C) Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19).
Rationale: Fifth Disease is characterized by a distinctive "slapped cheek" appearance
followed by a maculopapular rash that spreads to the extremities.
, 4
Question 11
The nurse is caring for a child with Rubeola (Measles). Which precaution should the nurse
implement?
A) Standard precautions only.
B) Contact precautions only.
C) Airborne precautions.
D) Protective environment.
E) Neutropenic precautions.
Correct Answer: C) Airborne precautions.
Rationale: Measles (Rubeola) is highly contagious and is transmitted via the airborne route,
requiring a negative-pressure room and N95 mask.
Question 12
Two days before the appearance of a rash in a child with Rubeola, the nurse expects to find:
A) Strawberry tongue.
B) Koplik’s spots.
C) Herald patch.
D) Bull’s eye rash.
E) Honey-colored crusts.
Correct Answer: B) Koplik’s spots.
Rationale: Koplik’s spots (small white spots on the oral mucosa) are a hallmark sign of
measles and typically appear 2 days before the generalized rash.
Question 13
Which statement regarding Rubella (German Measles) is correct?
A) The rash starts on the feet and moves upward.
B) It is much more severe in children than in adults.
C) The vaccine is safe to administer during pregnancy.
D) It is a "3-day measles" and the vaccine cannot be given to pregnant women.
E) It is caused by a bacterial infection of the throat.
Correct Answer: D) It is a "3-day measles" and the vaccine cannot be given to pregnant
women.
Rationale: Rubella is generally mild but can cause severe birth defects; the MMR vaccine is
a live vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Question 14
A 5-year-old child has a violent, repetitive cough that ends with a high-pitched "whooping"
sound. The nurse knows this child likely has:
A) Croup.
B) Influenza.
C) Pertussis.
