GMGT 2070 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED
CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Organization - Answers A higher order concept that people use to refer to a consciously coordinated
social unit that consists of:
1) A group of people
2) Functions on a relatively continuous basis
3) Seeks to achieve a common goal.
Organizational Behaviour - Answers The impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on
behaviour within organizations.
The four building blocks of OB - Answers Psychology - Measure, explain, change the behaviour of
humans and other animals
Social Psychology - Blending psychology and sociology to focus on people's influences on one another
Sociology
Anthropology
Categories of Perception - Answers 1) Perceiver
2) Target
3) Situation
Attribution Theory - Answers The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the
situation or the person's disposition
Aspects of attribution theory - Answers Distinctiveness - How often does the person do this in other
situations? If often, low distinctive. If rarely, high distinctive
Consensus - How often do other people do this in similar situations? Often = high consensus; Rarely =
low consensus
Consistency - How often did the person do this in the past? Often = high consistency; Rarely = low
consistency
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's
behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal
disposition
eg. If another person gets an A+ they must be lucky, but if they get a bad mark they must be dumb.
Self-serving bias - Answers Success is internal while failures come from outside sources eg. The A+ I
got is from my hard work and talent but the bad mark was due to factors outside my control.
Selective Perception - Answers The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention to things
they already agree with and interpret them according to their own predispositions.
Halo Effect - Answers Tendency to draw a general impression about a person based on a single
characteristic such as intelligence, likeability, or appearance.
Contrast Effect - Answers Phenomenon in which a person's evaluation is affected by comparisons with
other individuals recently encountered.
Projection - Answers People's tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people.
Stereotyping - Answers People's tendency to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the
group to which that person belongs.
Prejudice - Answers An unfounded dislike of a person or group based on their belonging to a
particular stereotyped group.
Personality - Answers The stable patterns of behaviour and consistent internal states that determine
how an individual reacts and interacts with others.
Personality shaping factors - Answers Heredity
Environment
Situation
Machiavellisnism - Answers Pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, ends justify the means
Narcissism - Answers the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require
excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement
Psychopathy - Answers Lack of concern for others and lack of guilt and remorse when one's actions
cause harm to others
The dark triad - Answers a constellation of negative personality traits consisting of Machiavellianism,
narcissism, and psychopathy
, Proactive Personality - Answers A person who identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action,
and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.
Core Self-Evaluation (CSE) - Answers Core self-evaluation refers to how people evaluate themselves,
which consists of self-esteem and self-efficacy:
Self-esteem: whether people like or dislike themselves
Self-efficacy: whether people see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their
environment
Self-monitoring - Answers Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and
adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression
Emotions - Answers Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
Caused by specific event
Very brief in duration
Specific and numerous in nature
Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions
Action oriented in nature
Moods - Answers Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual
stimulus.
Cause is often general and unclear
Last longer than emotions
More general
Generally not indicated by distinct expressions
Cognitive in nature
Affect - Answers Generic term that covers a broad range of feelings people experience, including
emotions and moods.
Surface acting - Answers hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to
display rules
- High emotional labour
- Doctors etc.
Deep acting - Answers trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules
- Lower emotional labour
Cognitive reappraisal - Answers Regulating one's feelings about an experience by reinterpreting that
experience or thinking about it in a different way or from a different angle.
Venting - Answers Openly expressing emotions
Emotional intelligence - Answers The ability to be self-aware, detect emotions in others, and amange
emotional cues and information.
Values - Answers Core beliefs that influence decisions
Why are values important? - Answers They provide important input for our attitudes and behaviors
Terminal values - Answers Goals that individuals would like to achieve during their lifetime
eg. Inner harmony; happiness
Instrumental values - Answers The preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal
values
eg. Ambitious, capable
Hodgson's General Moral Principles - Answers Global value system
Dignity, autonomy, honesty, loyalty, fairness, humaneness, common good.
Hofstede's framework for assessing cultural values - Answers Framework for assessing cultural values
includes the following 5 dimensions:
Power distance
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Long term vs. short term orientation
Indulgence vs. restraint
CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Organization - Answers A higher order concept that people use to refer to a consciously coordinated
social unit that consists of:
1) A group of people
2) Functions on a relatively continuous basis
3) Seeks to achieve a common goal.
Organizational Behaviour - Answers The impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on
behaviour within organizations.
The four building blocks of OB - Answers Psychology - Measure, explain, change the behaviour of
humans and other animals
Social Psychology - Blending psychology and sociology to focus on people's influences on one another
Sociology
Anthropology
Categories of Perception - Answers 1) Perceiver
2) Target
3) Situation
Attribution Theory - Answers The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the
situation or the person's disposition
Aspects of attribution theory - Answers Distinctiveness - How often does the person do this in other
situations? If often, low distinctive. If rarely, high distinctive
Consensus - How often do other people do this in similar situations? Often = high consensus; Rarely =
low consensus
Consistency - How often did the person do this in the past? Often = high consistency; Rarely = low
consistency
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's
behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal
disposition
eg. If another person gets an A+ they must be lucky, but if they get a bad mark they must be dumb.
Self-serving bias - Answers Success is internal while failures come from outside sources eg. The A+ I
got is from my hard work and talent but the bad mark was due to factors outside my control.
Selective Perception - Answers The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention to things
they already agree with and interpret them according to their own predispositions.
Halo Effect - Answers Tendency to draw a general impression about a person based on a single
characteristic such as intelligence, likeability, or appearance.
Contrast Effect - Answers Phenomenon in which a person's evaluation is affected by comparisons with
other individuals recently encountered.
Projection - Answers People's tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people.
Stereotyping - Answers People's tendency to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the
group to which that person belongs.
Prejudice - Answers An unfounded dislike of a person or group based on their belonging to a
particular stereotyped group.
Personality - Answers The stable patterns of behaviour and consistent internal states that determine
how an individual reacts and interacts with others.
Personality shaping factors - Answers Heredity
Environment
Situation
Machiavellisnism - Answers Pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, ends justify the means
Narcissism - Answers the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require
excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement
Psychopathy - Answers Lack of concern for others and lack of guilt and remorse when one's actions
cause harm to others
The dark triad - Answers a constellation of negative personality traits consisting of Machiavellianism,
narcissism, and psychopathy
, Proactive Personality - Answers A person who identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action,
and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.
Core Self-Evaluation (CSE) - Answers Core self-evaluation refers to how people evaluate themselves,
which consists of self-esteem and self-efficacy:
Self-esteem: whether people like or dislike themselves
Self-efficacy: whether people see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their
environment
Self-monitoring - Answers Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and
adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression
Emotions - Answers Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
Caused by specific event
Very brief in duration
Specific and numerous in nature
Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions
Action oriented in nature
Moods - Answers Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual
stimulus.
Cause is often general and unclear
Last longer than emotions
More general
Generally not indicated by distinct expressions
Cognitive in nature
Affect - Answers Generic term that covers a broad range of feelings people experience, including
emotions and moods.
Surface acting - Answers hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to
display rules
- High emotional labour
- Doctors etc.
Deep acting - Answers trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules
- Lower emotional labour
Cognitive reappraisal - Answers Regulating one's feelings about an experience by reinterpreting that
experience or thinking about it in a different way or from a different angle.
Venting - Answers Openly expressing emotions
Emotional intelligence - Answers The ability to be self-aware, detect emotions in others, and amange
emotional cues and information.
Values - Answers Core beliefs that influence decisions
Why are values important? - Answers They provide important input for our attitudes and behaviors
Terminal values - Answers Goals that individuals would like to achieve during their lifetime
eg. Inner harmony; happiness
Instrumental values - Answers The preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal
values
eg. Ambitious, capable
Hodgson's General Moral Principles - Answers Global value system
Dignity, autonomy, honesty, loyalty, fairness, humaneness, common good.
Hofstede's framework for assessing cultural values - Answers Framework for assessing cultural values
includes the following 5 dimensions:
Power distance
Individualism vs. collectivism
Masculinity vs. femininity
Uncertainty avoidance
Long term vs. short term orientation
Indulgence vs. restraint
