D115 MASTER SET ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED
FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉subconjunctival hemorrhage . Answer: Blood in the eye, resolves like
a bruise
◉pterygium . Answer: Surfer's Eye, triangle of conjunctiva. Drops if
inflamed, surgery if blocking vision, sunglasses in all cases.
◉Pinguecula . Answer: a harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the
bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus, from
too much sun
◉chalazion . Answer: Inflamed meibomian (eye sweat) gland, I&D if
large
◉hordeolum . Answer: Stye
◉Herpes Keratitis . Answer: Fern-like damage pattern, like corneal
abrasion. Permanent damage.
,◉Rinne test . Answer: bone conduction vs air conduction
◉Weber test . Answer: tuning fork unicorn
◉cheilosis . Answer: Cracks in the corners of the mouth, from drool
(dentures, paci)
◉Hairy Leukoplakia . Answer: EBV glossitis; pre-AIDS defining
lesion; not precursor to cancer
◉Koplik spots . Answer: Measles in the mouth
◉torus palatinus . Answer: benign bony ridge running in the middle of
the hard palate
◉Avulsed tooth . Answer: Put in cool milk
◉Triploidy . Answer: 3 of all chromosomes; normal in some cells,
miscarriage if present in all cells
◉Trisomy 21 . Answer: Down syndrome
, ◉Trisomy X . Answer: Mostly normal, may have repro difficulties and
mild mental impairment
◉Turner Syndrome . Answer: No Y chromosome, only one X, short, no
ovaries, aortic coarctation, neck webbing. Treat with E.
◉Klinefelter syndrome . Answer: XXY, androgynous traits
◉Cri du chat syndrome . Answer: A deletion of the short arm of
chromosome 5 associated with an array of congenital malformations, the
most characteristic of which is an infant cry that resembles a meowing
cat; microcephaly, heart defects
◉chromosomal inversion . Answer: When part of the chromosome
becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual direction; usually normal in
the parent but causes severe defect in children
◉Robertsonian translocation . Answer: Translocation in which the long
arms of two acrocentric chromosomes become joined to a common
centromere, resulting in a chromosome with two long arms and a
deletion. Causes deletions/functional trisomies in offspring
◉Fragile X Syndrome . Answer: >200 CGG sequences in the first X
exon; causes intellectual disability
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED
FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉subconjunctival hemorrhage . Answer: Blood in the eye, resolves like
a bruise
◉pterygium . Answer: Surfer's Eye, triangle of conjunctiva. Drops if
inflamed, surgery if blocking vision, sunglasses in all cases.
◉Pinguecula . Answer: a harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the
bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus, from
too much sun
◉chalazion . Answer: Inflamed meibomian (eye sweat) gland, I&D if
large
◉hordeolum . Answer: Stye
◉Herpes Keratitis . Answer: Fern-like damage pattern, like corneal
abrasion. Permanent damage.
,◉Rinne test . Answer: bone conduction vs air conduction
◉Weber test . Answer: tuning fork unicorn
◉cheilosis . Answer: Cracks in the corners of the mouth, from drool
(dentures, paci)
◉Hairy Leukoplakia . Answer: EBV glossitis; pre-AIDS defining
lesion; not precursor to cancer
◉Koplik spots . Answer: Measles in the mouth
◉torus palatinus . Answer: benign bony ridge running in the middle of
the hard palate
◉Avulsed tooth . Answer: Put in cool milk
◉Triploidy . Answer: 3 of all chromosomes; normal in some cells,
miscarriage if present in all cells
◉Trisomy 21 . Answer: Down syndrome
, ◉Trisomy X . Answer: Mostly normal, may have repro difficulties and
mild mental impairment
◉Turner Syndrome . Answer: No Y chromosome, only one X, short, no
ovaries, aortic coarctation, neck webbing. Treat with E.
◉Klinefelter syndrome . Answer: XXY, androgynous traits
◉Cri du chat syndrome . Answer: A deletion of the short arm of
chromosome 5 associated with an array of congenital malformations, the
most characteristic of which is an infant cry that resembles a meowing
cat; microcephaly, heart defects
◉chromosomal inversion . Answer: When part of the chromosome
becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual direction; usually normal in
the parent but causes severe defect in children
◉Robertsonian translocation . Answer: Translocation in which the long
arms of two acrocentric chromosomes become joined to a common
centromere, resulting in a chromosome with two long arms and a
deletion. Causes deletions/functional trisomies in offspring
◉Fragile X Syndrome . Answer: >200 CGG sequences in the first X
exon; causes intellectual disability
