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Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 2 (A&P II)
BIO202 Final Exam 2025/2026 (60 Questions).
Viscosity of Blood? - ANSWER-twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire
system? - ANSWER-20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood - ANSWER-55% plasma, 45%
formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? - ANSWER--Moves regulatory and
processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? - ANSWER-91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? - ANSWER-albumin,
globulins, fibrinogen
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What solutes are found in blood plasma? - ANSWER-Ions, nutrients,
waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders - ANSWER-Anemia and sickle-cell
disease
What is sickle-cell disease? - ANSWER-an abnormal red blood cell that
has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
What is anemia? - ANSWER-a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability
of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? - ANSWER-~5 1/4
Quarts per minute
What are action potentials? - ANSWER-Sequence of electrical changes
when a nerve membrane receives a stimulus that exceeds a threshold
What is depolarization?
What is Repolarization? - ANSWER-Gain of electrical charge on the
surface of a membrane- ANSWER-Loss of an electrical charge on the
surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? - ANSWER-generating blood
pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow, regulating blood
supply
What are the two divisions of the heart? - ANSWER-Pulmonary Circuit
and Systemic Circuit
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What are the components of the heart? - ANSWER-Pericardium, Heart
Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? - ANSWER-Double-walled sac that surrounds
the heart and reduces friction between pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? - ANSWER-Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? - ANSWER-Receive and return blood
from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? - ANSWER-prevent back flow of
blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? - ANSWER-The tricuspid and
pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic valves on
the left side.
Blood flow through the heart - ANSWER-SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid
--> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral
valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body
Arteries - ANSWER-carry blood away from the heart, muscular and
elastic
Veins - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries - ANSWER-Microscopic vessel through which exchanges
take place between the blood and cells of the body
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Pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER-Narrowed arteries in lungs and
heart decrease blood flow from heart and decrease oxygen from lungs
to rest of body
components of lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymph, lymphatic vessels,
lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs
What is lymph? - ANSWER-watery fluid contained in lymphatic vessels
that contains white blood cells and antibodies
What are lymphatic vessels? - ANSWER-Thinner than veins and
continuously filter cellular waste from the extracellular fluid by
circulating it through lymph nodes
What are the lymphatic tissue types? - ANSWER-Lymphocytes,
Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Reticular Cells
What are lymphocytes? - ANSWER-White blood cells found in lymph,
blood, etc.m and provide immunity. They originate in bone marrow.
What are the two lymphocytes? - ANSWER-B cells and T cells
What are B cells? - ANSWER-Lymphocytes that produce antibodies
What are T cells? - ANSWER-a lymphocyte of a type produced or
processed by the thymus gland and actively participating in the immune
response.
What are macrophages? - ANSWER-They are big eaters that engulf
debris, foreign materials, bacteria, and viruses.
Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 2 (A&P II)
BIO202 Final Exam 2025/2026 (60 Questions).
Viscosity of Blood? - ANSWER-twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire
system? - ANSWER-20-60 seconds
What is the composition of Blood - ANSWER-55% plasma, 45%
formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? - ANSWER--Moves regulatory and
processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? - ANSWER-91% water
7% proteins
2% other solutes
What proteins are found in blood plasma? - ANSWER-albumin,
globulins, fibrinogen
,2|Page
What solutes are found in blood plasma? - ANSWER-Ions, nutrients,
waste products, gasses, regulatory substances
What are two blood disorders - ANSWER-Anemia and sickle-cell
disease
What is sickle-cell disease? - ANSWER-an abnormal red blood cell that
has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
What is anemia? - ANSWER-a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability
of the blood
How much blood does the heart pump per minute? - ANSWER-~5 1/4
Quarts per minute
What are action potentials? - ANSWER-Sequence of electrical changes
when a nerve membrane receives a stimulus that exceeds a threshold
What is depolarization?
What is Repolarization? - ANSWER-Gain of electrical charge on the
surface of a membrane- ANSWER-Loss of an electrical charge on the
surface of a membrane
What are the functions of the heart? - ANSWER-generating blood
pressure, routing blood, ensuring one-way blood flow, regulating blood
supply
What are the two divisions of the heart? - ANSWER-Pulmonary Circuit
and Systemic Circuit
,3|Page
What are the components of the heart? - ANSWER-Pericardium, Heart
Wall, Chambers, Valves
What is the pericardium? - ANSWER-Double-walled sac that surrounds
the heart and reduces friction between pericardial membranes
What is the heart wall? - ANSWER-Three protective layers of tissue
What to chambers of the heart do? - ANSWER-Receive and return blood
from and to the body
What is the purpose of heart valves? - ANSWER-prevent back flow of
blood, ensure one-directional
What are the four valves of the heart? - ANSWER-The tricuspid and
pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic valves on
the left side.
Blood flow through the heart - ANSWER-SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid
--> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral
valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body
Arteries - ANSWER-carry blood away from the heart, muscular and
elastic
Veins - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries - ANSWER-Microscopic vessel through which exchanges
take place between the blood and cells of the body
, 4|Page
Pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER-Narrowed arteries in lungs and
heart decrease blood flow from heart and decrease oxygen from lungs
to rest of body
components of lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymph, lymphatic vessels,
lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs
What is lymph? - ANSWER-watery fluid contained in lymphatic vessels
that contains white blood cells and antibodies
What are lymphatic vessels? - ANSWER-Thinner than veins and
continuously filter cellular waste from the extracellular fluid by
circulating it through lymph nodes
What are the lymphatic tissue types? - ANSWER-Lymphocytes,
Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Reticular Cells
What are lymphocytes? - ANSWER-White blood cells found in lymph,
blood, etc.m and provide immunity. They originate in bone marrow.
What are the two lymphocytes? - ANSWER-B cells and T cells
What are B cells? - ANSWER-Lymphocytes that produce antibodies
What are T cells? - ANSWER-a lymphocyte of a type produced or
processed by the thymus gland and actively participating in the immune
response.
What are macrophages? - ANSWER-They are big eaters that engulf
debris, foreign materials, bacteria, and viruses.
