LOUISIANA LANDSCAPE HORTICULTURE STATE
CERTIFICATION EXAM SCRIPT EXAMINATION
TEST WITH SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ . Answer: What is the fertilizer equation
◉ Head, thorax, abdomen. Answer: What are an insects three body
regions?
◉ Chewing (with strong mandibles), sucking (like a butterfly proboscis),
piercing-sucking (like aphids). Answer: What are the three different
types of insect mouthparts?
◉ Metamorphosis is the changes through which an insect passes from
the young form into an adult.
Gradual (simple) metamorphosis is characterized by young which
closely resemble the adult. Egg > nymph > adult. The young pass
through phases (instars, "first instar," "second instar"). The time interval
between two instars in a stadium.
,Complete metamorphosis is characterized by four completely different
life stages. Egg > larva > pupa > adult. The larva look nothing like the
adult and are usually wormlike. The pupa phase does not feed and is
usually inactive. They often pass the winter in this phase.. Answer: What
does metamorphosis mean? What are the two types of insect
metamorphosis?
◉ The transformation stage between larva and adult of the more
advanced insects. Answer: Define pupa
◉ Non-pathogenic (nutrient deficiencies, bad environmental conditions)
and pathogenic (fungus, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc). Answer:
What are the two types of plant diseases?
◉ Environmental factors cause many non-pathogenic diseases, such as
too wet or dry soil, too high or low temperature, air or chemical
pollution. Environmental factors also aid the development of pathogenic
diseases (e.g.a warm winter allows pests to maintain a large population,
fungus grows in moist conditions). Answer: What are some
environmental factors that contribute to plant diseases?
◉ (1) A susceptible host
(2) a parasitic organism
(3) environmental conditions favorable to the development of the
organism. Answer: What three factors are required for a pathogenic
disease?
, ◉ YES!! Love me some soil fungus. Answer: Are any fungi beneficial?
◉ (1) Mycelial Fragments -- a piece of a fungus "root" gets moved and a
fungus grows out of it kind of like a rhizome. Asexual.
(2) Spores -- Fertilized single cell or multi-cell microscopic pieces that
are usually transported by wind or water. Sexual.
(3)Sclerotia -- A hardened piece of mycelial ("root") that will germinate
when conditions are correct years later.. Answer: Describe the
reproductive process of fungi
◉ (1) Direct penetration -- A spore uses an enzyme or pressure to break
through the plant's protective barrier
(2) Stomata penetration -- Fungi enter through open or closed plant
stomates (where they transpire)
(3) Wound penetration -- Pruning wounds, cuts to the plant, etc. Answer:
What are some ways in which a fungus enters a plant?
◉ Fungi are multi-celled organisms that reproduce sexually and
asexually.
CERTIFICATION EXAM SCRIPT EXAMINATION
TEST WITH SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ . Answer: What is the fertilizer equation
◉ Head, thorax, abdomen. Answer: What are an insects three body
regions?
◉ Chewing (with strong mandibles), sucking (like a butterfly proboscis),
piercing-sucking (like aphids). Answer: What are the three different
types of insect mouthparts?
◉ Metamorphosis is the changes through which an insect passes from
the young form into an adult.
Gradual (simple) metamorphosis is characterized by young which
closely resemble the adult. Egg > nymph > adult. The young pass
through phases (instars, "first instar," "second instar"). The time interval
between two instars in a stadium.
,Complete metamorphosis is characterized by four completely different
life stages. Egg > larva > pupa > adult. The larva look nothing like the
adult and are usually wormlike. The pupa phase does not feed and is
usually inactive. They often pass the winter in this phase.. Answer: What
does metamorphosis mean? What are the two types of insect
metamorphosis?
◉ The transformation stage between larva and adult of the more
advanced insects. Answer: Define pupa
◉ Non-pathogenic (nutrient deficiencies, bad environmental conditions)
and pathogenic (fungus, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc). Answer:
What are the two types of plant diseases?
◉ Environmental factors cause many non-pathogenic diseases, such as
too wet or dry soil, too high or low temperature, air or chemical
pollution. Environmental factors also aid the development of pathogenic
diseases (e.g.a warm winter allows pests to maintain a large population,
fungus grows in moist conditions). Answer: What are some
environmental factors that contribute to plant diseases?
◉ (1) A susceptible host
(2) a parasitic organism
(3) environmental conditions favorable to the development of the
organism. Answer: What three factors are required for a pathogenic
disease?
, ◉ YES!! Love me some soil fungus. Answer: Are any fungi beneficial?
◉ (1) Mycelial Fragments -- a piece of a fungus "root" gets moved and a
fungus grows out of it kind of like a rhizome. Asexual.
(2) Spores -- Fertilized single cell or multi-cell microscopic pieces that
are usually transported by wind or water. Sexual.
(3)Sclerotia -- A hardened piece of mycelial ("root") that will germinate
when conditions are correct years later.. Answer: Describe the
reproductive process of fungi
◉ (1) Direct penetration -- A spore uses an enzyme or pressure to break
through the plant's protective barrier
(2) Stomata penetration -- Fungi enter through open or closed plant
stomates (where they transpire)
(3) Wound penetration -- Pruning wounds, cuts to the plant, etc. Answer:
What are some ways in which a fungus enters a plant?
◉ Fungi are multi-celled organisms that reproduce sexually and
asexually.
