ATLS FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ (*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement. Answer:
Fourth
◉ Complications of head trauma. Answer: Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscess
◉ Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. Answer: Trauma
◉ Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal failure.
Answer: Infusion of normal saline
◉ A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusion after a
motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured pelvis. A few
hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a normal CVP,
and oliguric. Upon examination, the patient is found to be bleeding from
the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
,B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction. Answer: D. Transfusion reaction
◉ Skin antiseptic. Answer: -Ethanol 70% is an effective skin antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infections
◉ Class IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood loss. Answer: 55%
◉ How does shivering affect body temperature. Answer: Increases body
temperature
◉ Class III hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss. Answer: 35%
◉ Management of a stable patient with kidney contusion. Answer:
Observation
◉ Associated with hypovolemic shock. Answer: -Inadequate tissue
perfusion with resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
,-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without symptom
except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck
veins
◉ The most effective method of monitoring the success of resuscitation
during CPR?. Answer: Reactivity of pupils to light
◉ Used to ensure correct placement of endotracheal tube. Answer: -
Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
-Sustained end-tidal CO2
◉ Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the anterior
chest and abdomen. Answer: 18%
◉ What is often caused by carotid massage?. Answer: Bradycardia
◉ Step in a patient diagnosed with tension pneumothorax. Answer: 1.
Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tube
, ◉ True statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries. Answer: -Blunt
diaphragmatic injuries are usually associated with skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require
prosthetic material
◉ First priority in the treatment of an unconscious patient. Answer:
Checking the pulse
◉ A patient involved in a road accident is brought to the emergency
department in an unconscious state. On arrival, her vitals show a
temperature of 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a respiration rate of 24 breaths
per minute, a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of
80/40 mm Hg. She is cold, shivering, and perspiring profusely. She has
bilateral reactive pupils but she does not respond to pain. On physical
examination, she has no obvious sign of external bleeding. Which of the
following cannot be the cause of hypotension in this patient?
A. Pelvic fracture
B. Fracture of femur
C. Intracranial hemorrhage
D. Hemothorax. Answer: C. Intracranial hemorrhage
◉ A patient suffered a slash to his right neck. The wound is over the
mid-portion of the sternocleidomastoid. There is a large hematoma and
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ (*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement. Answer:
Fourth
◉ Complications of head trauma. Answer: Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscess
◉ Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. Answer: Trauma
◉ Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal failure.
Answer: Infusion of normal saline
◉ A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusion after a
motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured pelvis. A few
hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a normal CVP,
and oliguric. Upon examination, the patient is found to be bleeding from
the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
,B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction. Answer: D. Transfusion reaction
◉ Skin antiseptic. Answer: -Ethanol 70% is an effective skin antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infections
◉ Class IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood loss. Answer: 55%
◉ How does shivering affect body temperature. Answer: Increases body
temperature
◉ Class III hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss. Answer: 35%
◉ Management of a stable patient with kidney contusion. Answer:
Observation
◉ Associated with hypovolemic shock. Answer: -Inadequate tissue
perfusion with resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
,-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without symptom
except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck
veins
◉ The most effective method of monitoring the success of resuscitation
during CPR?. Answer: Reactivity of pupils to light
◉ Used to ensure correct placement of endotracheal tube. Answer: -
Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
-Sustained end-tidal CO2
◉ Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the anterior
chest and abdomen. Answer: 18%
◉ What is often caused by carotid massage?. Answer: Bradycardia
◉ Step in a patient diagnosed with tension pneumothorax. Answer: 1.
Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tube
, ◉ True statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries. Answer: -Blunt
diaphragmatic injuries are usually associated with skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require
prosthetic material
◉ First priority in the treatment of an unconscious patient. Answer:
Checking the pulse
◉ A patient involved in a road accident is brought to the emergency
department in an unconscious state. On arrival, her vitals show a
temperature of 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a respiration rate of 24 breaths
per minute, a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of
80/40 mm Hg. She is cold, shivering, and perspiring profusely. She has
bilateral reactive pupils but she does not respond to pain. On physical
examination, she has no obvious sign of external bleeding. Which of the
following cannot be the cause of hypotension in this patient?
A. Pelvic fracture
B. Fracture of femur
C. Intracranial hemorrhage
D. Hemothorax. Answer: C. Intracranial hemorrhage
◉ A patient suffered a slash to his right neck. The wound is over the
mid-portion of the sternocleidomastoid. There is a large hematoma and
