COMPREHENSIVE TEST 200 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
⩥ What wall segments can be visualized in the parasternal short axis at
the level of the papillary muscles. Answer: anterior interventricular
septum, anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, and inferior
interventricular septum
⩥ What wall segments can be visualized in the apical two-chamber.
Answer: basal, mid, and apical anterior wall segments, apical cap, basal,
mid and apical inferior wall segments
⩥ What wall segments can be visualized in the apical four chamber.
Answer: basal and mid anterolateral, apical lateral, apical cap, basal and
mid-inferoseptum, and apical septum
⩥ What are the correst order for the branches of the aorta. Answer:
brachiocephalic (innominate), left common carotid, subclavian
⩥ Which pulmonary vein is not visualized in teh apical four chamber.
Answer: right lower pulmonary vein
,⩥ What actions will increase the frame rate and improve the temporal
resolution. Answer: decreaseing the image depth, decrease the field of
view, decrease the number of focuses, decrease line density, use write
zoom
⩥ Increasing the transmit frequency will decrease. Answer: depth of
penetration, beam width, spatial pulse length, and pulse duration.
Increased frequency will increase attenuation
⩥ What transmit frequency is most used with adult echo. Answer:
2.5MHz
⩥ Tisuse harmonics improves. Answer: depth of penetration, beam
width, and side lobe artifacts. It does not improve frame rate
⩥ How many elements does PW doppler use to transmit and recieve.
Answer: one
⩥ What color doppler map will display turbulent flow as green. Answer:
variance map
⩥ Increasing the color velocity scale will increase. Answer: pulse
repetition frequency
,⩥ Increasing the pulsed wave doppler sample gate length will result in.
Answer: increased spectral broadening
⩥ How can pulsed wave doppler aliasing be corrected. Answer: increase
the velocity scale which will increase the PRF and nyquist limit.
decrease the imaging depth which will increase PRF and nyquist limit.
shift the zero baseline
⩥ How can lateral resolution be improved. Answer: increase the number
of focuses, transmit frequency, and harmonic imaging. all of these will
decrease beam width
⩥ Which resolution is most difficult for the sonographer to improve.
Answer: elevational because it is dependent on the beam width
⩥ What actions will increase spatial (axial and lateral resolution).
Answer: increase transmit frequency, focusing, and harmonics
⩥ What will improve temporal resolution. Answer: decrease field of
view, decrease image depth, decrease line density, decrease number of
foci
⩥ What will improve contrast resolution. Answer: atlering compression,
post processing curves, changing the monitors brightness and contrast
controls
, ⩥ Multiple echoes equally spaced are called. Answer: reverberation
⩥ The artifact associated with displaying double imaged of a structure
due to the change in direction of the sound beam is called. Answer:
refraction
⩥ Why may contrast appear as swirling in the LV. Answer: too high
transmit gain, too little contrast, or too slow administration, poor systolic
function
⩥ Decreasing transmit gain during contrast will also decrease. Answer:
mechanical index
⩥ Signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic heart
disease include. Answer: pulmonary hypertension
⩥ What are the three classic findings for mitral stenosis. Answer:
thickened mitral valve leaflets, decreased E-F slope, anterior motion of
the posterior mitral valve leaflet
⩥ What may cause chronic mitral regurgitation. Answer: rheumatic heart
disease, cleft mitral valve, MAC. a ruptured papillary muscle will cause
acute MR