ATPL HUMAN FACTORS (CASA - AHUF) 2026-2027 ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Exam with accurate detailed solutions ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
These are up to date flashcards as of SEP2022. All information is from the CASA resources
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
listed for the AHUF exam or official CASA documents. There is conflicting information
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
from old textbooks. All cards are verified against official CASA documents. Turn over for
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
official documents. ||\\//|\
The official textbooks CASA lists as exam resources are:
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- Human Being Pilot (ATC)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- Human Factors for Pilots (Roger G. Green)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- AC61-08 (previously CAAP 5.59)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Also Safety Behaviours for Human Pilots is a direct CASA resource:
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
https://www.casa.gov.au/content-search/safety-kits/safety-behaviours-human-factors-pilots
3 Categories of an Undesired Aircraft State
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
1. Aircraft Handling - Aircraft handling in the air - Track & speed deviations, airspace
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
penetration, non stabilised approach. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
2. Ground Navigation - Management of aircraft while navigating on ground (this includes
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
taxi speed!) ||\\//|\
3. Aircraft Configuration - Settings & Configurations of Aircraft ie. Power setting, fuel
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
configuration, Autopilot mode, loading configuration. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three methods of coping with stress? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Action Coping - Removing yourself or altering situation ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Cognitive Coping - Psychological change ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Symptom-Directed Coping - Drugs & Alcohol ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the 3 gas laws pertinent to Human Factors? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Boyles Law (Pressure & Volume) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Charles Law (Partial Pressure - Concentration) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Daltons Law (Temperature & Volume) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
You join a circuit on a right downwind what is the natural tendency?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
,The natural tendency is to keep the runway in view. Often on a right downwind the runway
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
is obstructed this causes the pilot to dip the wing towards the runway and descend.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Descending is the most dangerous as we are now lower than expected on approach! ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the notable problems with reliance on the vestibular system?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
1. Not reliable without a visual indication
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
2. Also may cause nausea with conflicting information
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three primary categories of errors? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Aircraft Handling Error - You touch the aircraft it's a handling error (ie. forgetting to put on
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
carb heat)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Procedural Error - SOP's, Checklists, Approach Charts ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Communication Error - ATC, Crew Communication ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three types of threats? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Anticipated - Pre-flight planning, or reviewed threats ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Unexpected - Usually inflight, anything we didn't prepare for. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Latent - Something that lies dormant and may not be apparent until an error has been
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
committed.
Difference between latent and unexpected threats are, latent threats can lie dormant on ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
multiple flights without being apparent while an unexpected threat will show up in flight. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Latent threat (Runway illusion), Unexpected Threat (Aircraft on that runway)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the two categories of threats? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Environmental (Weather, Airspace Communication, Ground environments, Terrain, ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Operational pressures such as arriving late) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Organisational (Documentation errors/ incorrect data entry, tour of duty problems) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What temperature ranges are considered "Uncomfortable"
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
<15°C and >30°C ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are "Zeitgerbers"? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Things that help align our body rhythms such as day/night cycles, clocks, meals
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What do we call the model that fits the human to task?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
SHELL With liveware (human) in the middle ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
,What happens to body rhythms as we travel East?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
They compress/shorten ||\\//|\
Note: You will get a question on this. This is the worst case scenario as the body rhythms
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
have to extend. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a committed error? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Pilot expecting a certain situation and is primed with an appropriate repsonse however the
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
situation varies from the expected and the prepared response is incorrect. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Environmental Capture is associated with an error in "Skills Memory" define and give an ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
example.
Where multiple or sequential skills that are usually used together are automatically carried
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
out even though not all were required ie. Selecting flap on a flapless approach
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Skills once learned are difficult to modify, we call this skills memory or muscle memory.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three errors associated?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Action slips (Wrong action performed, gear instead of flap)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Environmental Capture (Automatic action when not required) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Reversion (reverts to an previously learned action ie. water landing - gear down) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a planning countermeasure?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Actions taken before departure to ensure safe and proper operation of the flight.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Note: We can plan in flight ie. receive a new weather briefing however if we react to the
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
new information in any way that would count as a review countermeasure.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a procedural error? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
When a pilot performs and error of procedure such as a missing an item on a checklist,
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
failure to adhere to SOP's or failure to execute an emergency action
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a review countermeasure? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
For coping with unexpected events in flight. If we modify or change the plans at all to deal
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
with threats or errors we're enacting a review countermeasure.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is aerodontalagia? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Toothpain caused by Barotrauma ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
, What is an aircraft handling error?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
An error that occurs when interacting with controls, automation or systems.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is an execution countermeasure?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Actions taken in flight to protect against threats and errors. Error detection & Error
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Response.
What is an external threat? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Anything outside the scope of the pilot ie. weather, W&B, density, runway length, ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
temperature, traffic, terrain, obstacles, condition of the aircraft ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is apathy? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Lack of intrest, enthusiasm or concern
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is cataracs? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Clouding of the lens of the eye, treatment by laser and age related. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is environmental capture? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
When a particular action or motor skill is always associated with a certain phase of flight.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
saying checked items while turning final but not actually checking them.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is glaucoma? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Build up of pressure in the eyeball damaging the sensitive structures and nerve endings.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Progressive deterioration of the peripheral to central vision or can occur suddenly. Over 40 ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
should be treated regularly. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What do we call long sighted eye disorders?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Hyperopia/Hypermetropia
What is the loss of visual acuity with age?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Presbyopia. Lens can no longer accomodate. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is pressure vertigo? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Disequilibrium between middle ear pressure that results in a difference in perception of the ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
vestibular system.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is risky shift? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Exam with accurate detailed solutions ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
These are up to date flashcards as of SEP2022. All information is from the CASA resources
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
listed for the AHUF exam or official CASA documents. There is conflicting information
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
from old textbooks. All cards are verified against official CASA documents. Turn over for
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
official documents. ||\\//|\
The official textbooks CASA lists as exam resources are:
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- Human Being Pilot (ATC)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- Human Factors for Pilots (Roger G. Green)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
- AC61-08 (previously CAAP 5.59)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Also Safety Behaviours for Human Pilots is a direct CASA resource:
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
https://www.casa.gov.au/content-search/safety-kits/safety-behaviours-human-factors-pilots
3 Categories of an Undesired Aircraft State
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
1. Aircraft Handling - Aircraft handling in the air - Track & speed deviations, airspace
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
penetration, non stabilised approach. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
2. Ground Navigation - Management of aircraft while navigating on ground (this includes
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
taxi speed!) ||\\//|\
3. Aircraft Configuration - Settings & Configurations of Aircraft ie. Power setting, fuel
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
configuration, Autopilot mode, loading configuration. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three methods of coping with stress? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Action Coping - Removing yourself or altering situation ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Cognitive Coping - Psychological change ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Symptom-Directed Coping - Drugs & Alcohol ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the 3 gas laws pertinent to Human Factors? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Boyles Law (Pressure & Volume) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Charles Law (Partial Pressure - Concentration) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Daltons Law (Temperature & Volume) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
You join a circuit on a right downwind what is the natural tendency?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
,The natural tendency is to keep the runway in view. Often on a right downwind the runway
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
is obstructed this causes the pilot to dip the wing towards the runway and descend.
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Descending is the most dangerous as we are now lower than expected on approach! ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the notable problems with reliance on the vestibular system?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
1. Not reliable without a visual indication
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
2. Also may cause nausea with conflicting information
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three primary categories of errors? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Aircraft Handling Error - You touch the aircraft it's a handling error (ie. forgetting to put on
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
carb heat)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Procedural Error - SOP's, Checklists, Approach Charts ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Communication Error - ATC, Crew Communication ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the three types of threats? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Anticipated - Pre-flight planning, or reviewed threats ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Unexpected - Usually inflight, anything we didn't prepare for. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Latent - Something that lies dormant and may not be apparent until an error has been
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
committed.
Difference between latent and unexpected threats are, latent threats can lie dormant on ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
multiple flights without being apparent while an unexpected threat will show up in flight. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Latent threat (Runway illusion), Unexpected Threat (Aircraft on that runway)
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are the two categories of threats? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Environmental (Weather, Airspace Communication, Ground environments, Terrain, ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Operational pressures such as arriving late) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Organisational (Documentation errors/ incorrect data entry, tour of duty problems) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What temperature ranges are considered "Uncomfortable"
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
<15°C and >30°C ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What are "Zeitgerbers"? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Things that help align our body rhythms such as day/night cycles, clocks, meals
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What do we call the model that fits the human to task?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
SHELL With liveware (human) in the middle ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
,What happens to body rhythms as we travel East?
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
They compress/shorten ||\\//|\
Note: You will get a question on this. This is the worst case scenario as the body rhythms
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
have to extend. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a committed error? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Pilot expecting a certain situation and is primed with an appropriate repsonse however the
||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
situation varies from the expected and the prepared response is incorrect. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Environmental Capture is associated with an error in "Skills Memory" define and give an ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
example.
Where multiple or sequential skills that are usually used together are automatically carried
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out even though not all were required ie. Selecting flap on a flapless approach
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Skills once learned are difficult to modify, we call this skills memory or muscle memory.
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What are the three errors associated?
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Action slips (Wrong action performed, gear instead of flap)
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Environmental Capture (Automatic action when not required) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Reversion (reverts to an previously learned action ie. water landing - gear down) ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is a planning countermeasure?
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Actions taken before departure to ensure safe and proper operation of the flight.
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Note: We can plan in flight ie. receive a new weather briefing however if we react to the
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new information in any way that would count as a review countermeasure.
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What is a procedural error? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
When a pilot performs and error of procedure such as a missing an item on a checklist,
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failure to adhere to SOP's or failure to execute an emergency action
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What is a review countermeasure? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
For coping with unexpected events in flight. If we modify or change the plans at all to deal
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with threats or errors we're enacting a review countermeasure.
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What is aerodontalagia? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Toothpain caused by Barotrauma ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
, What is an aircraft handling error?
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An error that occurs when interacting with controls, automation or systems.
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What is an execution countermeasure?
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Actions taken in flight to protect against threats and errors. Error detection & Error
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Response.
What is an external threat? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Anything outside the scope of the pilot ie. weather, W&B, density, runway length, ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
temperature, traffic, terrain, obstacles, condition of the aircraft ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is apathy? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Lack of intrest, enthusiasm or concern
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What is cataracs? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Clouding of the lens of the eye, treatment by laser and age related. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is environmental capture? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
When a particular action or motor skill is always associated with a certain phase of flight.
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saying checked items while turning final but not actually checking them.
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What is glaucoma? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Build up of pressure in the eyeball damaging the sensitive structures and nerve endings.
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Progressive deterioration of the peripheral to central vision or can occur suddenly. Over 40 ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
should be treated regularly. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What do we call long sighted eye disorders?
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Hyperopia/Hypermetropia
What is the loss of visual acuity with age?
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Presbyopia. Lens can no longer accomodate. ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
What is pressure vertigo? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
Disequilibrium between middle ear pressure that results in a difference in perception of the ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
vestibular system.
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What is risky shift? ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\ ||\\//|\
