PN 2003 Final Exam || Most Recent Exam Actual
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Insulin - Answer-A protein hormone secreted by the
pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of
carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the
blood.
insulin independence - Answer-Ability of a client's own
naturally produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels
within consistently normal ranges.
insulin resistance - Answer-the inability of the cells to
respond to insulin
What is hyperglycemia? - Answer-high blood glucose
levels
what are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia - Answer-
Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and blurred
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vision - later signs include pruritis, dry mouth, confusion,
fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma.
What is hypoglycemia? - Answer-low blood glucose levels
what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - Answer-
Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis,
palpitations, coldness, and a headache - late signs include
seizures, loss of consciousness, and death.
What is Alzheimer's disease? - Answer-Dementia that is
characterized behaviorally by anterograde amnesia (can
remember the past but cannot form new memories). Visual
memory is also impaired, leading to confusion with regard
to orientation.
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease - Answer-Stage 1. No
apparent symptoms
Stage 2. Forgetfulness
Stage 3. Mild cognitive decline
Stage 4. Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Stage 5. Moderate cognitive decline
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Stage 6. Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline
Stage 7. Severe cognitive decline
what are characteristics of vascular dementia? - Answer-
Vascular Dementia is caused by small cerebral infarctions.
Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more
rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow
and oxygen reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to
the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood
flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease