Comprehensive Cardiology, Pulmonology,
Critical Care & Infectious Disease Review
2026: ACS, Heart Failure, Arrhythmias,
Pulmonary Embolism, COPD, Asthma,
Pneumonia, Sepsis, DIC, Endocarditis &
High-Yield Clinical Management
Questions Provided with A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
atherosclerotic plaque buildup leading to eventual significant perfusion limitation
Pathogenesis of Acute coronary syndromes
NSTEMI
-subtotal occlusion of coronary artery leading to subendocardial ischemia
-ST depression and +troponins
-Oxygen
-Dual platelet therapy
-Nitrates
-Beta-blockers
-Heparin of LMWH
-Statins
Treatment for a NSTEMI
STEMI
-total occlusion of coronary artery leading to myocaridal ischemia
-time dependent
-oxygen and venous access
-aspirin and sublingual nitro
-P2Y12 inhibitor
-Heparin or LWMH
-Beta blockers
1|Page
,-sometimes morphine for pain
-Statins and ACE-inhibitors
treatment for STEMI
Low Risk (<75, normal troponin, 0-2 TIMI risk factors): get a stress test
High Risk (>75, elevated troponin, 3+ TIMI risk factors): CTA and revascularization
For a patient who has an NSTEMI, when should they be evaluated with a non-invasive stress test
vs invasive CTA and revasularization?
Pericarditis (early)
-Complication that occurs within the first 4 days after an MI.
-transient and self limitiing
-Tx: aspirin
Pericarditis (Dressler Syndrome)
-Complication that occurs one week to three months after an MI
-pleuritic chest pain that radiates to traps
-fever
-leukocytosis
-new or worsening pericardial effusion
Papillary Muscle Rupture
-complication that occurs 2-7 days after an MI (esp inferior STEMI)
-acute respiratory distress: dyspnea, orthonea, hypoxia
-Cardiogenic shock: chest pain and hypotension
Unstable
________________ Angina:
-increases in severity and duration
-occuring at rest or with low level of activity
-less responsive to sublingual nitrogen
-due to plaque rupture with platelet and fibrin thrombus
Stable
2|Page
, ______________________ Angina:
-lasts 5-10 min
-relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
-due to >70% luminal narrowing of one or more coronary arteries
-Aspirin and clopidogrel
-Heparin or LMWH
-Gp IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
treatment for Unstable angina
-Aspirin
-Sublingual nitroglycerin
-Statins
treatment for stable angina
Prinzmetal Angina
-angina that occurs without provocation
-typically occurs at rest
-due to a coronary artery spasm
ASCVD
-risk score that estimates the 10 year probability of experiencing a cardiac event
-this score can be used to help guide prevention goals
CCBs
What medication should NOT be used if there is a reduced ejection fraction?
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Mycoplasma
-Borrelia burgdorefi
-Haemophilus influenzae
-Neisseria meningitidis
Organisms assoc with bacterial pericarditis
-Echovirus
-Coxsackie
-Adenovirus
-Cytomegalovirus
3|Page
Critical Care & Infectious Disease Review
2026: ACS, Heart Failure, Arrhythmias,
Pulmonary Embolism, COPD, Asthma,
Pneumonia, Sepsis, DIC, Endocarditis &
High-Yield Clinical Management
Questions Provided with A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
atherosclerotic plaque buildup leading to eventual significant perfusion limitation
Pathogenesis of Acute coronary syndromes
NSTEMI
-subtotal occlusion of coronary artery leading to subendocardial ischemia
-ST depression and +troponins
-Oxygen
-Dual platelet therapy
-Nitrates
-Beta-blockers
-Heparin of LMWH
-Statins
Treatment for a NSTEMI
STEMI
-total occlusion of coronary artery leading to myocaridal ischemia
-time dependent
-oxygen and venous access
-aspirin and sublingual nitro
-P2Y12 inhibitor
-Heparin or LWMH
-Beta blockers
1|Page
,-sometimes morphine for pain
-Statins and ACE-inhibitors
treatment for STEMI
Low Risk (<75, normal troponin, 0-2 TIMI risk factors): get a stress test
High Risk (>75, elevated troponin, 3+ TIMI risk factors): CTA and revascularization
For a patient who has an NSTEMI, when should they be evaluated with a non-invasive stress test
vs invasive CTA and revasularization?
Pericarditis (early)
-Complication that occurs within the first 4 days after an MI.
-transient and self limitiing
-Tx: aspirin
Pericarditis (Dressler Syndrome)
-Complication that occurs one week to three months after an MI
-pleuritic chest pain that radiates to traps
-fever
-leukocytosis
-new or worsening pericardial effusion
Papillary Muscle Rupture
-complication that occurs 2-7 days after an MI (esp inferior STEMI)
-acute respiratory distress: dyspnea, orthonea, hypoxia
-Cardiogenic shock: chest pain and hypotension
Unstable
________________ Angina:
-increases in severity and duration
-occuring at rest or with low level of activity
-less responsive to sublingual nitrogen
-due to plaque rupture with platelet and fibrin thrombus
Stable
2|Page
, ______________________ Angina:
-lasts 5-10 min
-relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
-due to >70% luminal narrowing of one or more coronary arteries
-Aspirin and clopidogrel
-Heparin or LMWH
-Gp IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
treatment for Unstable angina
-Aspirin
-Sublingual nitroglycerin
-Statins
treatment for stable angina
Prinzmetal Angina
-angina that occurs without provocation
-typically occurs at rest
-due to a coronary artery spasm
ASCVD
-risk score that estimates the 10 year probability of experiencing a cardiac event
-this score can be used to help guide prevention goals
CCBs
What medication should NOT be used if there is a reduced ejection fraction?
-Staphylococcus
-Streptococcus
-Mycoplasma
-Borrelia burgdorefi
-Haemophilus influenzae
-Neisseria meningitidis
Organisms assoc with bacterial pericarditis
-Echovirus
-Coxsackie
-Adenovirus
-Cytomegalovirus
3|Page
