Comprehensive Clinical Review: Diabetes,
Endocrine, Ophthalmology, ENT,
Musculoskeletal, Dermatology, CAM, and
Public Health – High-Yield Study Guide
Questions Verified and Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
3 months
Chronic back pain is considered > __________ duration
Reduced Vision
Pain
Photophobia
Corneal Staining
Corneal edema
Unequal pupils
Elevated intraocular pressure
Red flags that indicate a referral to Ophthalmology
Allergic
_____________ Conjunctivitis:
-papillary projections and pruritis
Viral
_____________ Conjunctivitis:
-Lymphoid follicles ont eh undersurface of the lid and enlarged tender preauricular nodes
-less discharge
-discharge is watery
Erythromycin Drops
treatment for Bacterial conjunctivitis
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
1|Page
,S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Most common pathogens assoc with bacterial conjunctivitis
Topical Corticosteroids
__________________ are contraindicated for conjunctivitis bc they can result in worsening of
herpetic infection, or cause open angle glaucoma
Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids usually involving lid margins
Blepharitis
Stye
Stye
acute boil-like lesion with swollen, tender, red, eyelid
Topical abx and warm compress
treatment for a stye
staph
most common cause of blepharitis
Eyelid hygiene, topical abx
treatment for blepharitis
Chalazion
Chalazion
-chronic swelling of the eyelids NOT assoc with conjunctivitis
-granulomatous inflammatory reaction that may persist for weeks or months
-rubbery, cystic, nontender
-may require incision and curettage
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
-foreign body sensation in eyes
-dryness
2|Page
, -burning
-symptoms worsen as condition progresses
-Artificial tears
-Tarsorrhaphy
-Moisture chambers
-Cyclosporine
Treatment for Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Cataracts
clouding of the lens
Glaucoma
leading cause of blindness in the US
Open-angle Glaucoma
-slow buildup of pressure in the eye
Closed (narrow) Angle Glaucoma
Symptoms: Painful, rapid decrease in vision, rock-hard ey e, frontal headache. An opthalmolgic
emergency.
Pathophysiology: Obstruction of flow between iris and cornea leading to pressure buildup
behind iris.
5 years after onset
Patients with Type 1 diabetes should have their first eye exam when?
At diagnosis
patients with type 2 diabetes should have their first eye exam when?
Giant Cell Arteritis
-inflammatory disease
-headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, and vision problems
Steroid
If you suspect GCA, you should give emergent ___________________ treatment to decrease
risk of blindness
3|Page
Endocrine, Ophthalmology, ENT,
Musculoskeletal, Dermatology, CAM, and
Public Health – High-Yield Study Guide
Questions Verified and Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
3 months
Chronic back pain is considered > __________ duration
Reduced Vision
Pain
Photophobia
Corneal Staining
Corneal edema
Unequal pupils
Elevated intraocular pressure
Red flags that indicate a referral to Ophthalmology
Allergic
_____________ Conjunctivitis:
-papillary projections and pruritis
Viral
_____________ Conjunctivitis:
-Lymphoid follicles ont eh undersurface of the lid and enlarged tender preauricular nodes
-less discharge
-discharge is watery
Erythromycin Drops
treatment for Bacterial conjunctivitis
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
1|Page
,S. aureus
P. aeruginosa
Most common pathogens assoc with bacterial conjunctivitis
Topical Corticosteroids
__________________ are contraindicated for conjunctivitis bc they can result in worsening of
herpetic infection, or cause open angle glaucoma
Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids usually involving lid margins
Blepharitis
Stye
Stye
acute boil-like lesion with swollen, tender, red, eyelid
Topical abx and warm compress
treatment for a stye
staph
most common cause of blepharitis
Eyelid hygiene, topical abx
treatment for blepharitis
Chalazion
Chalazion
-chronic swelling of the eyelids NOT assoc with conjunctivitis
-granulomatous inflammatory reaction that may persist for weeks or months
-rubbery, cystic, nontender
-may require incision and curettage
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
-foreign body sensation in eyes
-dryness
2|Page
, -burning
-symptoms worsen as condition progresses
-Artificial tears
-Tarsorrhaphy
-Moisture chambers
-Cyclosporine
Treatment for Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Cataracts
clouding of the lens
Glaucoma
leading cause of blindness in the US
Open-angle Glaucoma
-slow buildup of pressure in the eye
Closed (narrow) Angle Glaucoma
Symptoms: Painful, rapid decrease in vision, rock-hard ey e, frontal headache. An opthalmolgic
emergency.
Pathophysiology: Obstruction of flow between iris and cornea leading to pressure buildup
behind iris.
5 years after onset
Patients with Type 1 diabetes should have their first eye exam when?
At diagnosis
patients with type 2 diabetes should have their first eye exam when?
Giant Cell Arteritis
-inflammatory disease
-headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, and vision problems
Steroid
If you suspect GCA, you should give emergent ___________________ treatment to decrease
risk of blindness
3|Page
