Thinking Comprehensive
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1. System Answer: A set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.
2. What are common elements of all systems? Answer: input, output, feedback loop,
throughput,
environment, boundaries, equilibrium, constraints
3. What is the function of any system? Answer: to process energy, information, or
materials into a product or outcome for use within the system - or outside the system
(environment), or both
4. What is necessary for a system to be viable? Answer: strongly goal-directed,
governed by feedback, interdependent and strongly coordinated components, and an ability to
adapt to changing circumstances (adaptable)
5. What are some examples of constraints? Answer: educational, sociocultural,
legal/political, economic
6. What are examples of resources? Answer: capital, people, knowledge and technology
7. Feedback Loop Answer: input --> throughput --> output (repeat) with influences from constraints
and resources
8. The Major Inputs Answer: Environment, Resources, History
9. Environment Answer: which imposes constrains and opportunities about what the organization can
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