Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care BY: (Theresa A.Beery, M. Linda Workman and Julia A. Eggert) 2ND EDITION

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care BY: (Theresa
A.Beery, M. Linda Workman and Julia A. Eggert) 2ND EDITION



Wickyaplus stuvia

,Table of Contents
x x




Chapter 01 DNA Structure and Function
x x x x x 1
Chapter 02 Protein Synthesis
x x x 9
Chapter 03 Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis
x x x x x x x x x 19
Chapter 04 Patterns of Inheritance
x x x x 29
Chapter 05 Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression
x x x x x x 43
Chapter 06 Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders
x x x x x 47
Chapter 07 Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders
x x x x x x x x 55
Chapter 08 Family History and Pedigree Construction
x x x x x x 61
Chapter 09 Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment
x x x x x x x x 68
Chapter 10 Enzyme and Collagen Disorders
x x x x x 74
Chapter 11 Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders
x x x x x 84
Chapter 12 Common Adult-Onset Disorders
x x x x 95
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular Disorders
x x x 103
Chapter 14 The Genetics of Cancer
x x x x x 110
Chapter 15 Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders
x x x x x x x x 119
Chapter 16 Genetic and Genomic Testing
x x x x x 124
Chapter 17 Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response
x x x x x x x 129
Chapter 18 Health Professionals and Genomic Care
x x x x x x 135
Chapter 19 Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations
x x x x x x x 140
Chapter 20 Genetic and Genomic Variation
x x x x x 144




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, Test xBank x- xGenetics xand xGenomics xin xNursing xand xHealth xCare, x2nd xEdition x(Beery,
2019)
Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
x x x x x




MULTIPLE CHOICE x




1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
x x x x x x x x x x x


a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Cytoplasm
d. Plasma membrane x




ANS: A x x


Most genes are part of the DNA located in the nucleus of body cells. Only a few genes are
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


located in a cell’s mitochondrion or mitochondria. There are no genes or DNA in either the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


cytoplasm or the plasma membranes of any cell.
x x x x x x x x




2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
x x x x x x x x x x x


a. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
x x x x x x x x x x x


b. Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles. x x x x x x x x x x


c. Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females. x x x x x x x x


d. One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


father. x




ANS: A x x


Genetics is the study of the general mechanisms of heredity and the variation of inherited
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


xtraits. Genomics is the study of the function of all the nucleotide sequences present within
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


xthe entire genome of a s p e c i e s, Wi nWc W
x x l u.d iTn B
gSgeMn.
esWiS
n DNA coding regions and DNA noncoding
x x x x x x x x x x


regions. Selections B, C, and D all refer to mechanisms of heredity. Only selection A refers
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


to the function of a specific nucleotide sequence.
x x x x x x x




3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
x x x x x x x x x


a. Linking the nucleotides into a strand x x x x x


b. Holding complementary strands together x x x


c. Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine x x x x x x x x x


d. Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA
x x x x x x x x




ANS: A x x


Each nucleoside becomes a complete nucleotide when a phosphate group is attached. The
x x x x x x x x x x x x


phosphates have multiple binding sites, and each one can link to two nucleotides. These
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


linkages allow the nucleotides to be connected when placed into the DNA strand. The
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


nucleotides within each strand are held in position by the linked phosphate groups, which
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


act like the string holding a strand of beads together, forming a necklace.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x




4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in different
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


expression of the trait coded for by that gene?
x x x x x x x x x


a. Alleles
b. Bases
c. Centromeres
d. Diploids
ANS: A
x x




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, Test xBank x- xGenetics xand xGenomics xin xNursing xand xHealth xCare, x2nd xEdition x(Beery,
2019)
For each single gene, two alternative forms of that gene, known as alleles, together control
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


how that gene is expressed. The alleles may be identical in their sequence but do not have to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


be. When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant allele is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


expressed, and the recessive allele is silent. When a dominant allele is paired with another
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


dominant allele, they are both expressed (usually equally). Recessive alleles are only
x x x x x x x x x x x x


expressed when they are homozygous. Bases are the essential part of a nucleotide, of which
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


there are many within any gene region. Centromeres are the pinched-in part of a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


chromosome between the p arms and the q arms. The term diploid refers to the normal
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


number of chromosome pairs within a cell. It is an adjective, not a noun. Therefore, the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


plural diploids does not exist.
x x x x x




5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine
x x x x x x x x x x x x x


(G) bases would be adenine (A)?
x x x x x


a. 70%
b. 60%
c. 30%
d. 20%
ANS: D x x


Because of complementary pairing, if 30% of the bases are guanine (G), which always pairs
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


with cytosine C, these two bases account for 60% of the total bases in this stretch. The
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


remaining bases make up 40% of the total. This 40% is composed of equal percentages of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


thymine (T) and adenine (A).
x x x x x




6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


cell used to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patterns are
x x x x x x x x x x x x


normal? WWW.TBSM.WS
a. Pedigree
b. Phenotype
c. Karyotype
d. Autotype
ANS: C x x


A karyotype is a picture of an organized arrangement of all of the chromosomes within one
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


cell during the metaphase section of mitosis. The chromosomes are paired and then arranged
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


by number according to size and centromere position. The banding pattern of each pair is
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


analyzed to determine whether areas have been deleted, expanded, or translocated. A
x x x x x x x x x x x x


pedigree also is a picture, but it illustrates several generations of a family history.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


Phenotypes are observable traits. Autotype is not a genetic term.
x x x x x x x x x




7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?
x x x


a. GATTCCTAACTGG
b. TTGACCGAAGGCT
c. AACTGGCTTCCGA
d. CCAGTTAGGAATC
xANS: D x




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