ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
FOR HESI EXAMS 2022 NEWLY UPDATED
SOLUTION GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION
Exam
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY –
HESI EXAM 1
Total Questions: 50
Format: Multiple Choice & SATA
Includes Detailed Answer Key & Rationales
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury
1. A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. This represents which cellular adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
, C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac muscle cells enlarge (increase in cell size) due to
increased workload → Hypertrophy.
2. Which event is MOST associated with reversible cell injury?
A. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Nuclear fragmentation
C. Lysosomal rupture
D. Plasma membrane rupture
Answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondrial swelling occurs early and is reversible.
Nuclear and membrane destruction indicate irreversible injury.
3. During ischemia, ATP depletion leads to which cellular change?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Failure of Na⁺/K⁺ pump
B. Cellular swelling
C. Increased intracellular calcium
D. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: ATP depletion causes sodium retention → swelling, calcium
influx, and metabolic dysfunction.
4. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
FOR HESI EXAMS 2022 NEWLY UPDATED
SOLUTION GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION
Exam
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY –
HESI EXAM 1
Total Questions: 50
Format: Multiple Choice & SATA
Includes Detailed Answer Key & Rationales
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury
1. A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. This represents which cellular adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
, C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac muscle cells enlarge (increase in cell size) due to
increased workload → Hypertrophy.
2. Which event is MOST associated with reversible cell injury?
A. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Nuclear fragmentation
C. Lysosomal rupture
D. Plasma membrane rupture
Answer: A
Rationale: Mitochondrial swelling occurs early and is reversible.
Nuclear and membrane destruction indicate irreversible injury.
3. During ischemia, ATP depletion leads to which cellular change?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Failure of Na⁺/K⁺ pump
B. Cellular swelling
C. Increased intracellular calcium
D. Increased oxidative phosphorylation
Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: ATP depletion causes sodium retention → swelling, calcium
influx, and metabolic dysfunction.
4. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
