ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 FOR
HESI EXAMS 2026 NEWLY UPDATED SOLUTION
GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION
Exam
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – HESI
EXAM 2
Total Questions: 100
Format: Multiple Choice + Select-All-That-Apply
(SATA)
Cognitive Level: Application & Analysis
Includes Answers + Concise Rationales
SECTION I: Cellular & Molecular
Pathophysiology (1–15)
1. Reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia is primarily
caused by:
A. ATP restoration
B. Oxygen free radical production
,C. Increased hemoglobin
D. Decreased calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden oxygen reintroduction generates reactive oxygen
species (ROS).
2. Cellular swelling during hypoxia occurs due to:
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Failure of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase
C. Excess protein synthesis
D. DNA mutation
Answer: B
3. Which conditions promote apoptosis? (SATA)
A. DNA damage
B. Withdrawal of growth factors
C. Severe trauma
D. Viral infection
Answer: A, B, D
4. Dysplasia is best described as:
A. Increased cell size
B. Replacement of cell type
C. Disordered cell growth
D. Reduced cell number
, Answer: C
5. Telomerase activation in cancer leads to:
A. Cell aging
B. Unlimited replication
C. Apoptosis
D. DNA repair
Answer: B
6. Oncogenes arise from:
A. Mutated tumor suppressor genes
B. Mutated proto-oncogenes
C. Ribosomal defects
D. Immune cells
Answer: B
7. Angiogenesis in tumors is stimulated by:
A. p53
B. VEGF
C. Insulin
D. Albumin
Answer: B
8. Cachexia is mediated by:
HESI EXAMS 2026 NEWLY UPDATED SOLUTION
GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION
Exam
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – HESI
EXAM 2
Total Questions: 100
Format: Multiple Choice + Select-All-That-Apply
(SATA)
Cognitive Level: Application & Analysis
Includes Answers + Concise Rationales
SECTION I: Cellular & Molecular
Pathophysiology (1–15)
1. Reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia is primarily
caused by:
A. ATP restoration
B. Oxygen free radical production
,C. Increased hemoglobin
D. Decreased calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden oxygen reintroduction generates reactive oxygen
species (ROS).
2. Cellular swelling during hypoxia occurs due to:
A. Increased oncotic pressure
B. Failure of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase
C. Excess protein synthesis
D. DNA mutation
Answer: B
3. Which conditions promote apoptosis? (SATA)
A. DNA damage
B. Withdrawal of growth factors
C. Severe trauma
D. Viral infection
Answer: A, B, D
4. Dysplasia is best described as:
A. Increased cell size
B. Replacement of cell type
C. Disordered cell growth
D. Reduced cell number
, Answer: C
5. Telomerase activation in cancer leads to:
A. Cell aging
B. Unlimited replication
C. Apoptosis
D. DNA repair
Answer: B
6. Oncogenes arise from:
A. Mutated tumor suppressor genes
B. Mutated proto-oncogenes
C. Ribosomal defects
D. Immune cells
Answer: B
7. Angiogenesis in tumors is stimulated by:
A. p53
B. VEGF
C. Insulin
D. Albumin
Answer: B
8. Cachexia is mediated by:
