ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 FOR HESI EXAMS 2026 NEWLY UPDATED SOLUTION GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 FOR
HESI EXAMS 2026 NEWLY UPDATED SOLUTION
GUIDE 100% BEST SOLUTION

Exam

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
– HESI EXAM 1
Total Questions: 100
Format: Multiple Choice + Select-All-That-Apply
(SATA)
Includes Answer Key with Rationales



SECTION I: Cellular
Adaptation & Injury (1–15)
1. A patient with chronic GERD develops Barrett esophagus. This represents:

,A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy

Answer: C
Rationale: Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another = metaplasia.



2. Earliest event in hypoxic cell injury:

A. Lysosomal rupture
B. ATP depletion
C. DNA fragmentation
D. Nuclear pyknosis

Answer: B



3. Which findings indicate irreversible cell injury? (SATA)

A. Severe mitochondrial damage
B. Cell swelling
C. Plasma membrane rupture
D. Calcium influx

Answer: A, C



4. Free radical injury primarily damages:

A. DNA only
B. Lipids in membranes
C. Ribosomes
D. Golgi apparatus

Answer: B



5. Coagulative necrosis is most associated with:

, A. Brain infarct
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Abscess
D. Tuberculosis

Answer: B



6. Liquefactive necrosis is typical of:

A. Kidney ischemia
B. Brain infarction
C. Heart attack
D. Muscle trauma

Answer: B



7. Apoptosis involves activation of:

A. Lysosomes
B. Caspases
C. Complement
D. Neutrophils

Answer: B



8. Atrophy occurs due to: (SATA)

A. Decreased workload
B. Aging
C. Increased stimulation
D. Malnutrition

Answer: A, B, D



9. Increased intracellular calcium leads to:

A. Protein synthesis
B. Enzyme activation