BIOD 152 MODULE 7 ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027 | Portage Learning |
26 Questions with Rationales | Complete Answer Key | Updated
Edition | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Q1: Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. Production of red blood cells and platelets
B. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs
C. Return of interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and immune surveillance [CORRECT]
D. Filtration of blood to remove metabolic wastes and excess ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The lymphatic system serves two critical functions: (1) returning excess
interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream to maintain blood volume and prevent
edema, and (2) providing immune surveillance through lymphoid tissues. A describes
bone marrow function. B describes the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. D
describes kidney function. The lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable, allowing
them to pick up fluid, proteins, and pathogens that cannot re-enter blood capillaries.
Q2 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Cross-section of a lymph node showing
numbered structures 1-5]
Label structures 1-5 with the correct anatomical terms from the list below:
● Afferent lymphatic vessels
, ● Efferent lymphatic vessels
● Cortex with lymphoid follicles
● Medulla with medullary cords
● Subcapsular sinus
Correct Answer:
1. Afferent lymphatic vessels [CORRECT]
2. Subcapsular sinus [CORRECT]
3. Cortex with lymphoid follicles [CORRECT]
4. Medulla with medullary cords [CORRECT]
5. Efferent lymphatic vessels [CORRECT]
Rationale: Lymph enters through afferent vessels (1) into the subcapsular sinus (2), then
flows through the cortex (3) where B-cell activation occurs in germinal centers. Lymph
then passes to the medulla (4) containing plasma cells and macrophages, finally exiting
via the efferent vessel (5) at the hilum. This unidirectional flow ensures thorough
antigen screening. The cortex contains densely packed lymphocytes, while the medulla
has looser arrangements of lymphoid tissue.
Q3: The cisterna chyli receives lymph from which body regions?
A. Right upper limb, right side of head and thorax
B. Left upper limb, left side of head and thorax
C. Entire body below the diaphragm and left upper quadrant [CORRECT]
D. Only the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cisterna chyli is the dilated origin of the thoracic duct located at the
L1-L2 vertebral level. It collects lymph from the intestinal trunk (digestive organs), left
, and right lumbar trunks (lower limbs, pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads), and
abdominal wall. A describes drainage to the right lymphatic duct. B is incomplete
(misses lower body). D is too narrow—the cisterna chyli receives from all structures
below the diaphragm plus the left upper quadrant above the diaphragm.
Q4 (Fill-in-the-Blank): The two primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes develop and
mature are the __________ (site of B-cell maturation) and the __________ (site of T-cell
maturation).
Correct Answer: Bone marrow; thymus [CORRECT]
Rationale: Primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes originate and mature. Bone
marrow is the site of hematopoiesis and B-cell maturation (in mammals). The thymus is
the site of T-cell maturation, where thymocytes undergo positive and negative selection
to ensure self-tolerance and MHC restriction. This distinction is critical—B cells
complete maturation in bone marrow, while T cells must migrate to the thymus.
Secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, MALT) are where mature
lymphocytes encounter antigens and become activated.
Q5: Which statement accurately describes the structural and functional differences
between the white pulp and red pulp of the spleen?
A. White pulp filters blood and removes old erythrocytes; red pulp contains lymphoid
tissue for immune activation
B. White pulp contains lymphoid tissue surrounding central arteries for immune
surveillance; red pulp filters blood and removes senescent erythrocytes [CORRECT]
C. White pulp stores platelets and clotting factors; red pulp produces bile and detoxifies
drugs
26 Questions with Rationales | Complete Answer Key | Updated
Edition | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Q1: Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. Production of red blood cells and platelets
B. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs
C. Return of interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and immune surveillance [CORRECT]
D. Filtration of blood to remove metabolic wastes and excess ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The lymphatic system serves two critical functions: (1) returning excess
interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream to maintain blood volume and prevent
edema, and (2) providing immune surveillance through lymphoid tissues. A describes
bone marrow function. B describes the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. D
describes kidney function. The lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable, allowing
them to pick up fluid, proteins, and pathogens that cannot re-enter blood capillaries.
Q2 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Cross-section of a lymph node showing
numbered structures 1-5]
Label structures 1-5 with the correct anatomical terms from the list below:
● Afferent lymphatic vessels
, ● Efferent lymphatic vessels
● Cortex with lymphoid follicles
● Medulla with medullary cords
● Subcapsular sinus
Correct Answer:
1. Afferent lymphatic vessels [CORRECT]
2. Subcapsular sinus [CORRECT]
3. Cortex with lymphoid follicles [CORRECT]
4. Medulla with medullary cords [CORRECT]
5. Efferent lymphatic vessels [CORRECT]
Rationale: Lymph enters through afferent vessels (1) into the subcapsular sinus (2), then
flows through the cortex (3) where B-cell activation occurs in germinal centers. Lymph
then passes to the medulla (4) containing plasma cells and macrophages, finally exiting
via the efferent vessel (5) at the hilum. This unidirectional flow ensures thorough
antigen screening. The cortex contains densely packed lymphocytes, while the medulla
has looser arrangements of lymphoid tissue.
Q3: The cisterna chyli receives lymph from which body regions?
A. Right upper limb, right side of head and thorax
B. Left upper limb, left side of head and thorax
C. Entire body below the diaphragm and left upper quadrant [CORRECT]
D. Only the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cisterna chyli is the dilated origin of the thoracic duct located at the
L1-L2 vertebral level. It collects lymph from the intestinal trunk (digestive organs), left
, and right lumbar trunks (lower limbs, pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads), and
abdominal wall. A describes drainage to the right lymphatic duct. B is incomplete
(misses lower body). D is too narrow—the cisterna chyli receives from all structures
below the diaphragm plus the left upper quadrant above the diaphragm.
Q4 (Fill-in-the-Blank): The two primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes develop and
mature are the __________ (site of B-cell maturation) and the __________ (site of T-cell
maturation).
Correct Answer: Bone marrow; thymus [CORRECT]
Rationale: Primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes originate and mature. Bone
marrow is the site of hematopoiesis and B-cell maturation (in mammals). The thymus is
the site of T-cell maturation, where thymocytes undergo positive and negative selection
to ensure self-tolerance and MHC restriction. This distinction is critical—B cells
complete maturation in bone marrow, while T cells must migrate to the thymus.
Secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, MALT) are where mature
lymphocytes encounter antigens and become activated.
Q5: Which statement accurately describes the structural and functional differences
between the white pulp and red pulp of the spleen?
A. White pulp filters blood and removes old erythrocytes; red pulp contains lymphoid
tissue for immune activation
B. White pulp contains lymphoid tissue surrounding central arteries for immune
surveillance; red pulp filters blood and removes senescent erythrocytes [CORRECT]
C. White pulp stores platelets and clotting factors; red pulp produces bile and detoxifies
drugs
