BIOD 152 AP2 LAB 1 ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027 | Portage Learning |
25 Questions with Rationales | Complete Answer Key | Updated Lab
Edition | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Q1 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Brain model with numbered structures -
lateral view]
Identify structures 1-5:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Correct Answer: 1. Frontal lobe; 2. Parietal lobe; 3. Occipital lobe; 4. Temporal lobe; 5.
Cerebellum [CORRECT]
Rationale: The cerebral lobes are named for the overlying skull bones. The frontal lobe is
anterior and responsible for executive functions, personality, and motor control (primary
motor cortex). The parietal lobe is superior and posterior to the frontal lobe, containing
the primary somatosensory cortex. The occipital lobe is the most posterior lobe and
contains the primary visual cortex. The temporal lobe is inferior to the lateral sulcus
(Sylvian fissure) and contains the primary auditory cortex and hippocampus. The
cerebellum is located inferior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the pons and
medulla, responsible for coordination and balance. Common identification errors
include confusing the parietal and occipital lobes (the parieto-occipital sulcus is the
boundary) or mistaking the cerebellum for part of the cerebrum.
Q2 (Matching): Match each cranial nerve to its primary function:
TableCopy
, Cranial Nerve Function
I. Olfactory A. Eye movement (lateral rectus)
II. Optic B. Facial sensation and mastication
III. Oculomotor C. Smell
IV. Trochlear D. Vision
V. Trigeminal E. Eye movement (superior oblique)
VI. Abducens F. Eye movement (most extraocular muscles)
Correct Answer: I-C, II-D, III-F, IV-E, V-B, VI-A [CORRECT]
Rationale:
● CN I (Olfactory): Special sensory (SSA) for smell (olfaction). Passes through
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone.
● CN II (Optic): Special sensory (SSA) for vision. Forms optic chiasm where nasal
fibers cross.
● CN III (Oculomotor): Somatic motor (GSE) to most extraocular muscles (superior
rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique) plus parasympathetic to
sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles. Exits via superior orbital fissure.
● CN IV (Trochlear): Somatic motor (GSE) to superior oblique muscle only. Only
cranial nerve to exit dorsally from brainstem and decussate.
● CN V (Trigeminal): Both sensory and motor. Ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and
mandibular (V3) divisions provide facial sensation; mandibular division provides
motor to muscles of mastication.
● CN VI (Abducens): Somatic motor (GSE) to lateral rectus muscle only (abducts
eye).
, Common confusion: Students often mix up CN IV (superior oblique) and CN VI (lateral
rectus) because both innervate single muscles. Remember "SO₄" (Superior Oblique = CN
IV) and "LR₆" (Lateral Rectus = CN VI). CN III innervates the remaining four extraocular
muscles plus levator palpebrae superioris.
Q3 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Spinal cord cross-section with numbered
structures]
Identify structures A-F:
A. _____________
B. _____________
C. _____________
D. _____________
E. _____________
F. _____________
Correct Answer: A. Dorsal horn; B. Ventral horn; C. Dorsal column (white matter); D.
Lateral column (white matter); E. Ventral column (white matter); F. Central canal
[CORRECT]
Rationale: The spinal cord exhibits central gray matter (butterfly/ H-shape) surrounded
by white matter tracts. Dorsal (posterior) horns contain interneurons and sensory
neuron terminals (afferent input). Ventral (anterior) horns contain cell bodies of lower
motor neurons (efferent output to skeletal muscle). The central canal contains CSF and
is continuous with the fourth ventricle. White matter is organized into three columns:
dorsal (posterior) columns contain ascending sensory tracts (fasciculus gracilis and
cuneatus - fine touch, vibration, proprioception); lateral columns contain both ascending
(spinothalamic - pain/temperature) and descending (corticospinal - motor) tracts;
ventral (anterior) columns contain mixed motor and sensory tracts. Common errors
include reversing dorsal/ventral horns (remember: sensory comes in dorsally, motor
exits ventrally) or confusing horns with columns.
Q4 (Short Answer): Name the three layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.
25 Questions with Rationales | Complete Answer Key | Updated Lab
Edition | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Q1 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Brain model with numbered structures -
lateral view]
Identify structures 1-5:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Correct Answer: 1. Frontal lobe; 2. Parietal lobe; 3. Occipital lobe; 4. Temporal lobe; 5.
Cerebellum [CORRECT]
Rationale: The cerebral lobes are named for the overlying skull bones. The frontal lobe is
anterior and responsible for executive functions, personality, and motor control (primary
motor cortex). The parietal lobe is superior and posterior to the frontal lobe, containing
the primary somatosensory cortex. The occipital lobe is the most posterior lobe and
contains the primary visual cortex. The temporal lobe is inferior to the lateral sulcus
(Sylvian fissure) and contains the primary auditory cortex and hippocampus. The
cerebellum is located inferior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the pons and
medulla, responsible for coordination and balance. Common identification errors
include confusing the parietal and occipital lobes (the parieto-occipital sulcus is the
boundary) or mistaking the cerebellum for part of the cerebrum.
Q2 (Matching): Match each cranial nerve to its primary function:
TableCopy
, Cranial Nerve Function
I. Olfactory A. Eye movement (lateral rectus)
II. Optic B. Facial sensation and mastication
III. Oculomotor C. Smell
IV. Trochlear D. Vision
V. Trigeminal E. Eye movement (superior oblique)
VI. Abducens F. Eye movement (most extraocular muscles)
Correct Answer: I-C, II-D, III-F, IV-E, V-B, VI-A [CORRECT]
Rationale:
● CN I (Olfactory): Special sensory (SSA) for smell (olfaction). Passes through
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone.
● CN II (Optic): Special sensory (SSA) for vision. Forms optic chiasm where nasal
fibers cross.
● CN III (Oculomotor): Somatic motor (GSE) to most extraocular muscles (superior
rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique) plus parasympathetic to
sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles. Exits via superior orbital fissure.
● CN IV (Trochlear): Somatic motor (GSE) to superior oblique muscle only. Only
cranial nerve to exit dorsally from brainstem and decussate.
● CN V (Trigeminal): Both sensory and motor. Ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and
mandibular (V3) divisions provide facial sensation; mandibular division provides
motor to muscles of mastication.
● CN VI (Abducens): Somatic motor (GSE) to lateral rectus muscle only (abducts
eye).
, Common confusion: Students often mix up CN IV (superior oblique) and CN VI (lateral
rectus) because both innervate single muscles. Remember "SO₄" (Superior Oblique = CN
IV) and "LR₆" (Lateral Rectus = CN VI). CN III innervates the remaining four extraocular
muscles plus levator palpebrae superioris.
Q3 (Diagram Labeling): [Image description: Spinal cord cross-section with numbered
structures]
Identify structures A-F:
A. _____________
B. _____________
C. _____________
D. _____________
E. _____________
F. _____________
Correct Answer: A. Dorsal horn; B. Ventral horn; C. Dorsal column (white matter); D.
Lateral column (white matter); E. Ventral column (white matter); F. Central canal
[CORRECT]
Rationale: The spinal cord exhibits central gray matter (butterfly/ H-shape) surrounded
by white matter tracts. Dorsal (posterior) horns contain interneurons and sensory
neuron terminals (afferent input). Ventral (anterior) horns contain cell bodies of lower
motor neurons (efferent output to skeletal muscle). The central canal contains CSF and
is continuous with the fourth ventricle. White matter is organized into three columns:
dorsal (posterior) columns contain ascending sensory tracts (fasciculus gracilis and
cuneatus - fine touch, vibration, proprioception); lateral columns contain both ascending
(spinothalamic - pain/temperature) and descending (corticospinal - motor) tracts;
ventral (anterior) columns contain mixed motor and sensory tracts. Common errors
include reversing dorsal/ventral horns (remember: sensory comes in dorsally, motor
exits ventrally) or confusing horns with columns.
Q4 (Short Answer): Name the three layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.
