MEDS 581 Final Review - Lecture 14 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
T or F: Fleas have existed for >50 M years True
T or F: Fleas attach to less than 100 species of mammalian False - They have more than 200 hosts
hosts
Fleas -Wingless
-Bloodsucking
-Wide range of hosts
-Cause dermatological problems
-Zoonotic vectors
-Concentrated in coastal/temperate zones
Yersinosis - Main Pathogenic Species -Y. pestis
-Y. enterocolitica
-Y. pseudotuberculosis
Y. pestis -Acute febrile lymphadenitis/Bubonic plague
-Septicemia
-Pneumonia
Black Death - Spread -Poor sanitation
-Illness
-Dirt
-Overcrowding
Plague Spread Mechanism -Had to do w/ flea
-Y. pestis endemic in rats
-Some rats were immune
-Fleas feed on rats
-Develop midgut obstructions
-Begin starving and become aggressive
-Feed on anything
-Regurgitate large quantities of bacteria into host
-Fleas feeding on non-immune rats fed on humans instead
Yersinia Microbio -Gram (-)
-Bipolar staining
-Bacillus
-Plasminogen activator responsible for bolus of blood
-Pesticin promotes iron uptake for Y. pestis
-Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin promotes cytokine cascade
T or F: Yersinia is a pathogen maintained in animals True
, Yersinia Zoonosis - Reservoirs -Rodents
-Squirrels
-Mice
-Prairie dogs
-Cats
-Dogs
-Rabbits
Yersinia Zoonosis - Transmission -Flea bites
-Inhalation of infected respiratory specimens
Urban Plague Infected fleas or rodents move to an urban area and increase incidence of plague
T or F: Urban plague is less common in poverty-stricken False - It's more common
areas
T or F: There are 3 types of clinical plague True
Bubonic Plague Symptoms -Incubation of 1-7
-Sudden onset
-Fevers >38°
-Malaise
-Myalgia
-Dizziness
-Painful lymphadenopathy
Bubo Tender swollen lymph node w/ boggy consistency and hard core upon
palpitation that may progress to septicemia
Primary Septicemic Plague -Gram (-)
-No plague symptoms
-Sepsis
-Calculated by SOFA score and unstable vitals
-Patients appear severely ill and febrile
Sepsis Clinical syndrome of life threatening organ dysfunction due to disregulated
immune response to infection
Pneumonic Plague -Incubation of hours to 3 days
-Sudden onset of symptoms
-Fever
-Nonspecific symptoms like headache, myalgia, and vomiting
-Cough
-Chest pain
-Sputum w/ hemoptysis
-Untreated -> 100% mortality
-Treated -> 50% mortality
-Associated w/ sick domestic cats transmitting vial aerosol droplets
-Only form of plague w/ human-to-human transmission
Questions and CORRECT Answers
T or F: Fleas have existed for >50 M years True
T or F: Fleas attach to less than 100 species of mammalian False - They have more than 200 hosts
hosts
Fleas -Wingless
-Bloodsucking
-Wide range of hosts
-Cause dermatological problems
-Zoonotic vectors
-Concentrated in coastal/temperate zones
Yersinosis - Main Pathogenic Species -Y. pestis
-Y. enterocolitica
-Y. pseudotuberculosis
Y. pestis -Acute febrile lymphadenitis/Bubonic plague
-Septicemia
-Pneumonia
Black Death - Spread -Poor sanitation
-Illness
-Dirt
-Overcrowding
Plague Spread Mechanism -Had to do w/ flea
-Y. pestis endemic in rats
-Some rats were immune
-Fleas feed on rats
-Develop midgut obstructions
-Begin starving and become aggressive
-Feed on anything
-Regurgitate large quantities of bacteria into host
-Fleas feeding on non-immune rats fed on humans instead
Yersinia Microbio -Gram (-)
-Bipolar staining
-Bacillus
-Plasminogen activator responsible for bolus of blood
-Pesticin promotes iron uptake for Y. pestis
-Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin promotes cytokine cascade
T or F: Yersinia is a pathogen maintained in animals True
, Yersinia Zoonosis - Reservoirs -Rodents
-Squirrels
-Mice
-Prairie dogs
-Cats
-Dogs
-Rabbits
Yersinia Zoonosis - Transmission -Flea bites
-Inhalation of infected respiratory specimens
Urban Plague Infected fleas or rodents move to an urban area and increase incidence of plague
T or F: Urban plague is less common in poverty-stricken False - It's more common
areas
T or F: There are 3 types of clinical plague True
Bubonic Plague Symptoms -Incubation of 1-7
-Sudden onset
-Fevers >38°
-Malaise
-Myalgia
-Dizziness
-Painful lymphadenopathy
Bubo Tender swollen lymph node w/ boggy consistency and hard core upon
palpitation that may progress to septicemia
Primary Septicemic Plague -Gram (-)
-No plague symptoms
-Sepsis
-Calculated by SOFA score and unstable vitals
-Patients appear severely ill and febrile
Sepsis Clinical syndrome of life threatening organ dysfunction due to disregulated
immune response to infection
Pneumonic Plague -Incubation of hours to 3 days
-Sudden onset of symptoms
-Fever
-Nonspecific symptoms like headache, myalgia, and vomiting
-Cough
-Chest pain
-Sputum w/ hemoptysis
-Untreated -> 100% mortality
-Treated -> 50% mortality
-Associated w/ sick domestic cats transmitting vial aerosol droplets
-Only form of plague w/ human-to-human transmission
